{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1772601987273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness","award":["AGL2017-85162-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017-85162-C2-1-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although great attention is paid to hygiene during semen collection and processing, bacteria are commonly found in the semen of healthy fertile males of different species. As the storage of extended semen might facilitate bacterial growth, extenders are commonly supplemented with antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bestatin and chitosan-based nanoparticles added to rabbit semen extender and their effect on reproductive performance under field conditions. Four different extenders were tested, supplemented with antibiotics (TCG+AB), with EDTA and bestatin (EB), with EDTA, bestatin and chitosan-based nanoparticles (QEB) or without antibiotics (TCG-AB). Extended semen was cooled at 15 \u00b0C for three days. Cooled samples were examined for bacterial growth and semen quality every 24 h for 3 days. The enterobacteria count increased considerably during storage at 72 h in semen extended with TCG+AB and TCG-AB, while extenders EB and QEB showed a bacteriostatic effect over time. After 24, 48 and 72 h, quality characteristics were retained in all groups, with no significant motility differences, either in acrosome integrity, membrane functionality or the viability of spermatozoa. Additionally, bacterial concentration present in fresh semen did not affect reproductive performance. In conclusion, EDTA and bestatin exerted a potent bacteriostatic effect over time and could be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in rabbit semen extenders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T13:58:04Z","timestamp":1618927084000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antibacterial Activity of Some Molecules Added to Rabbit Semen Extender as Alternative to Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Viudes-de-Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CITA-IVIA), Pol\u00edgono La Esperanza n\u00b0 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Marco-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n y Sanidad Animal, Salud P\u00fablica Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s\/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.05.030","article-title":"Application of preserved boar semen for artificial insemination: Past, present and future challenges","volume":"137","author":"Waberski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10010278","article-title":"Transfer of multidrug-resistant bacteria between intermingled ecological niches: The interface between humans, animals and the environment","volume":"10","author":"Loureiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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