{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:03:36Z","timestamp":1784657016050,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development, Poland","award":["BIOSTRATEG2\/297910\/12\/NCBR\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG2\/297910\/12\/NCBR\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn\u2013wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds\/replicate. A 2 \u00d7 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg\/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p &lt; 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p &lt; 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T05:30:08Z","timestamp":1620624608000},"page":"1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8330-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwester","family":"\u015awi\u0105tkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Arczewka-W\u0142osek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4118-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siemowit","family":"Muszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2469-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Szyma\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Arciszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Zacharko","family":"Siembida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luis Valverde","family":"Piedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3759-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krak\u00f3w, 24\/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-9666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Dobrowolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5613","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez323","article-title":"Analysis of mechanical properties of bones and tendons shows that modern hybrid rye can be introduced to corn\u2013wheat-based diet in broiler chickens as an alternative energy source irrespective of xylanase supplementation","volume":"98","author":"Dobrowolski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. 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