{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:39:41Z","timestamp":1788302381284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring of infections that may be transmitted to humans by animals in wildlife rescue centres is very important in order to protect the staff engaged in rehabilitation practices. Salmonella may be a natural inhabitant of the intestinal tract of turtles, rarely causing disease. This may represent a potential risk for humans, increasing the sanitary risk for operators in wildlife rescue centres. In this paper, the occurrence of non-typhoidal Salmonella among terrestrial turtles housed in a wildlife rescue centre in Southern Italy was investigated, in order to assess the serovars more frequently carried by turtles and identify those that may represent a risk for operators involved in wildlife management. Sixty-nine adult turtles (Testudo hermanni hermanni, T. h. boettgeri, T. graeca, and T. marginata) were tested. Detection and serotyping of Salmonella strains were performed according to ISO 6579-1 and ISO\/TR 6579-3:2013, respectively. The distribution of Salmonella spp. was significantly higher in T. hermanni hermanni than in other species, independent of the age and gender of the animals. Two different Salmonella species, S. enterica and S. bongori, three S. enterica subspecies (enterica, diarizonae, salamae), and five different serovars (Hermannswerder, Abony, Ferruch, Richmond, Vancouver) within the group S. enterica subspecies enterica were identified. Different combinations of Salmonella types were simultaneously found in specimens of T. h. hermanni. Most of detected Salmonella types may represent a potential risk for public health. Adopting correct animal husbandry procedures and informing on potential sanitary risks may be useful for minimising the risk of transmission of Salmonella to workers involved in wildlife management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T12:38:01Z","timestamp":1621859881000},"page":"1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Salmonella Infection in Turtles: A Risk for Staff Involved in Wildlife Management?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gaia","family":"Casalino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Bellati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Camarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Faleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Occhiochiuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Onghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9625-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Circella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, s.p. Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Wildlife Rescue Centre, 70020 Bitetto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400253","article-title":"Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction","volume":"1","author":"Ceballos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-015-0940-6","article-title":"Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to a sixth mass extinction","volume":"24","author":"McCallum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biodivers. 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