{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:47:58Z","timestamp":1778924878494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0501905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0501905"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0501805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0501805"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA20050104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20050104"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology support program of Qinghai Province","award":["2019-SF-149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-SF-149"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology support program of Qinghai Province","award":["2019-SF-153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-SF-153"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology support program of Qinghai Province","award":["2017-SF-A6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-SF-A6"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology support program of Qinghai Province","award":["2017-NK-153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-NK-153"]}]},{"name":"Qinghai innovation platform construction project","award":["2017-ZJ-Y20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-ZJ-Y20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current research, samples of yak gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) were used to profile the bacterial compositional characteristics using high through-put sequencing technology of 16S RNA amplicon. A total of 6959 OTUs was obtained from 20,799,614 effective tags, among which 751 OTUs were shared by ten sections. A total of 16 known phyla were obtained in all samples\u2014the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (34.58%), Bacteroidetes (33.96%) and Verrucomicrobia (11.70%). At the genus level, a total of 66 genera were obtained\u2014Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (7.24%), Akkermansia (6.32%) and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (6.14%) were the most abundant. Species of Observed (Sob), Shannon and Chao values of the Stomach were the greatest, followed by the large intestine, while small intestine had the lowest diversity (p &lt; 0.05). Bacteroidete were more abundant in sections from rumen to duodenum; while Firmicutes were the most abundant in sections from jejunum. ABC transporters (7.82%), Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (4.85%) and Purine metabolism (3.77%) were the most abundant level-3 pathways in all samples. The results of associated correlation analysis indicated that rectum samples might be used as an estimator of rumen bacterial communities and fermentation. The results of this research enrich the current knowledge about the unique animals of the QTP and extend our insight into GITs microecology of various animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T03:46:42Z","timestamp":1627616802000},"page":"2243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bacterial Community Characteristics in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Yak (Bos grunniens) Fully Grazed on Pasture of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueping","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Technology Extension Service of Animal Husbandry of Qinghai, Xining 810001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linyong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Extension Service of Animal Husbandry of Qinghai, Xining 810001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Extension Service of Animal Husbandry of Qinghai, Xining 810001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5567","article-title":"Board-invited review: Rumen microbiology: Leading the way in microbial ecology","volume":"91","author":"Krause","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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