{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:08:14Z","timestamp":1770916094587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin have been reported to exert effects on the gastric function, mediated by the interaction with transient receptor potential ankyrin channel 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1), respectively. This study examined whether these compounds could trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and\/or glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in the pig\u2019s gut in a porcine ex-vivo intestinal segment model. Furthermore, it was verified whether this response was mediated by TRPA1 or TRPV1 by using the channel\u2019s antagonist. These gut peptides play a key role in the \u201cintestinal brake\u201d, a feedback mechanism that influences the function of proximal parts of the gut. Structural analogues of cinnamaldehyde were screened as well, to explore structure-dependent activation. Results showed a significant effect of capsaicin on GLP-1 release in the proximal small intestine, TRPV1 independent. TRPA1 showed to be strongly activated by cinnamaldehyde, both in proximal and distal small intestine, evidenced by the release of CCK and GLP-1, respectively. Out of all structural derivates, cinnamaldehyde showed the highest affinity for TRPA1, which elucidates the importance of the \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated aldehyde moiety. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde as a TRPA1 agonist, is a promising candidate to modulate gastric function, by activating intestinal brake mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T12:59:24Z","timestamp":1627649964000},"page":"2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cinnamaldehyde Induces Release of Cholecystokinin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 by Interacting with Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 in a Porcine Ex-Vivo Intestinal Segment Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4596-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elout","family":"Van Liefferinge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9597-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Van Noten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8139-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Degroote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Niknafs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugeni","family":"Roura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Digestive stimulant action of spices: A myth or reality?","volume":"119","author":"Platel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J. 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