{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:03:02Z","timestamp":1790755382020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"ministry of science and technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2313-B-020-012-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2313-B-020-012-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Francisella orientalis (Fo) is considered to be one of the major pathogens of tilapia because of the high mortalities observed during outbreaks. Other cichlids belonging to the same family (Cichlidae) as tilapia are also quite susceptible to this pathogen. On various occasions, Fo has also been isolated from other warm water fish, including three-line grunt, hybrid striped bass, French grunt, Caesar grunt, and Indo-Pacific reef fish. However, only a few studies have reported the pathogenicity of Francisella orientalis in ornamental cichlid fish. This study fulfills Koch\u2019s postulates by showing that a strain of Fo obtained from green Texas cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus) was able to produce the same pathogenicity in healthy fish. A mortality of 100% was observed after healthy green Texas cichlid were experimentally injected with Fo at a dose of 8.95 \u00d7 105 CFU\/fish. DNA extracted from the organs of predilection (spleen, head kidney) gave positive results by PCR for all fish that died during the experimental period. Spleen and head kidney presented with multifocal white nodules in the affected fish, corresponding to typical vacuolated granulomas on histopathological examination of the tissues. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that Fo can indeed infect green Texas cichlid and produce a disease typical of francisellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T08:16:39Z","timestamp":1627978599000},"page":"2284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pathological Manifestations of Francisella orientalis in the Green Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4893-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hsuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2314-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayuj","family":"Poudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theeraporn","family":"Pulpipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01226.x","article-title":"Francisella infections in fish and shellfish","volume":"34","author":"Birkbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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