{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1792024470330,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CLASSYFARM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLASSYFARM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pigs slaughtered in European abattoirs must be submitted to antemortem inspection (AMI) and postmortem inspection (PMI), as required by the current European legislation in the matter of official controls. AMI and PMI are equally essential to guarantee food safety and to monitor swine health and welfare. However, little is known about the ability of AMI to predict conditions that are possibly found during PMI. In this study, such a correlation was explored together with the assessment of conditions typically found during AMI and PMI in heavy pigs slaughtered in two Italian slaughterhouses. An assessment scheme containing 13 variables for AMI and 34 lesions for PMI was used for the scope. The herd size was also considered as a variable and included in the study. A total of 24,510 pigs and 30,961 pigs were assessed during AMI and PMI, respectively. The most common conditions found were manure on the body covering more than 30% of the body (dirt &gt;30%) and pluck lesions (\u2018pleurisy\u2019, \u2018pericarditis\u2019, and \u2018pneumonia\u2019) for AMI and PMI, respectively. A significant correlation (p &lt; 0.05) between some antemortem (AM) findings and postmortem (PM) conditions was found. In particular, the AM conditions \u2018dirt &gt;30%\u2019and \u2018skin lesions\u2019 were positively related with PM conditions \u2018skin wounds\u2019 and \u2018dermatitis\u2019, while the complexes of respiratory and kidney lesions were predicted only by the condition \u2018dirt &gt;30%\u2019. The variable \u2018standardized herd size\u2019 was negatively associated with \u2018milk spot liver\u2019 and positively associated with \u2018arthritis\/bursitis\u2019. The results of this study show that findings reported during AMI can potentially be used to predict certain conditions found in pigs at PMI. These data can be useful for the competent authorities in characterizing swine farms using a risk-based approach and in developing systems and specific plans for official controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"2470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Predictivity of Antemortem Findings on Postmortem Inspection in Italian Heavy Pigs Slaughterhouses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7351-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Ghidini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Loris","family":"Alborali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headquarters, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Marco","family":"Maisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Territorial Section of Lodi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna, Via A. Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Guadagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headquarters, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Conter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Ianieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-3647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Zanardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-157","article-title":"Implementation of Visual-Only Swine Inspection in the European Union: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned","volume":"83","author":"Riess","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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