{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T08:37:57Z","timestamp":1783759077753,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pododermatitis and wing lesions are commonly reported issues in captive crane species. Regional limb perfusion has been used as a treatment for distal limb infections in several avian species, as systemic antibiotic therapy is often prolonged and unrewarding. A black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis), Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus), and wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) were treated with amikacin (5\u201310 mg\/kg IV infusion) regional limb perfusion for cellulitis and osteomyelitis of hind limb digits and alular osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the carpus, respectively, with a range of 1\u20133 treatments per case. Clinical signs of infection resolved within 10\u201340 days following regional limb perfusion combined with oral or parental antibiotic therapy. No side effects were observed following regional limb perfusion. This is the first report of regional limb perfusion in cranes and the first report of intravenous regional limb perfusion in a wing of an avian species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T21:45:57Z","timestamp":1631483157000},"page":"2673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adjunctive Use of Intravenous Antibiotic Regional Limb Perfusion in Three Cranes with Distal Limb Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gail L.","family":"Huckins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard R.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR 97221, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Hartup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Conservation Medicine, International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI 53913, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Gruiformes (Cranes, Limpkins, Rails, Gallinules, Coots, Bustards)","volume":"Volume 8","author":"MacLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254060-00010","article-title":"Venous perfusion of the limb with antibiotics for osteomyelitis and other chronic infections","volume":"54","author":"Finsterbusch","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.5.706","article-title":"Antimicrobial regional limb perfusion in horses","volume":"228","author":"Cruz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0045.1","article-title":"Intravenous regional antibiotic perfusion therapy as an adjunctive treatment for digital lesions in seabirds","volume":"48","author":"Fiorello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.6.539","article-title":"Intravenous and intraosseous regional limb perfusion of ceftiofur sodium in an avian model","volume":"80","author":"Knafo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1647\/2015-149","article-title":"Therapeutic use of regional limb perfusion in a chicken","volume":"31","author":"Ratliff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Avain Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2021.04.004","article-title":"Pilot assessment of a single, intraosseous, regional limb perfusion of amikacin in the wing of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus)","volume":"38","author":"Cummings","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exot. Pet Med."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2020, June 05). Species360. Zoological Information Management System: Expected Test Results: Black-Necked Crane (Grus nigricollis), Wattled Crane (Bugeranus carunculatus). Available online: https:\/\/zims.species360.org\/Main.aspx."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02873.x","article-title":"A retrospective study of 192 horses affected with septic arthritis\/tenosynovitis","volume":"24","author":"Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Cimetti, L.J., Merriam, J.G., and D\u2019Oench, S.N. (2004, January 4\u20138). How to perform intravenous regional limb perfusion using amikacin and DMSO. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Conference of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Denver, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"104","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic considerations of the renal system in birds: Part II. Review of drugs excreted by renal pathways","volume":"9","author":"Frazier","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Avian Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Hartup, B.K., and Elsmo, B. Research Report, International Crane Foundation. Unpublished Data."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13243","article-title":"A review of regional limb perfusion for distal limb infections in the horse","volume":"33","author":"Biasutti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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