{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:39:39Z","timestamp":1781055579818,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal. There is a critical need for effective on-farm methods of pain mitigation. Local anaesthesia using Tri-Solfen\u00ae (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia), a topical local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation instilled to the wound during surgery, is a newly evolving on-farm method to mitigate castration pain. To investigate the efficacy of Tri-Solfen\u00ae, instilled to the wound during the procedure, to alleviate subsequent castration-related pain in neonatal piglets, we performed a large, negatively controlled, randomised field trial in two commercial pig farms in Europe. Piglets (173) were enrolled and randomised to undergo castration with or without Tri-Solfen\u00ae, instilled to the wound immediately following skin incision. A 30 s wait period was then observed prior to completing castration. Efficacy was investigated by measuring pain-induced motor and vocal responses during the subsequent procedure and post-operative pain-related behaviour in treated versus untreated piglets. There was a significant reduction in nociceptive motor and vocal response during castration and in the post-operative pain-related behaviour response in Tri-Solfen\u00ae-treated compared to untreated piglets, in the first 30 min following castration. Although not addressing pain of skin incision, Tri-Solfen\u00ae is effective to mitigate subsequent acute castration-related pain in piglets under commercial production conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T22:50:48Z","timestamp":1632351048000},"page":"2763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of Intra-Operative Topical Wound Anaesthesia to Mitigate Piglet Castration Pain\u2014A Large, Multi-Centred Field Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6596-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith","family":"Sheil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Ethics Pty. Ltd., Yarra Glen, VIC 3775, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"De Benedictis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Padova University, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9718-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Scollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoell Animal Health Ltd., Bank Barn, How Mill, Brampton CA8 9JY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Innocent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Polkinghorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia"},{"name":"Major Mitchell Consulting, Buderim, QLD 4556, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flaviana","family":"Gottardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Padova University, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonneau, M., and Weiler, U. 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