{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T17:02:32Z","timestamp":1776186152442,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine training activity detection will help to track and enhance the performance and fitness level of riders and their horses. Currently, the equestrian world is eager for a simple solution that goes beyond detecting basic gaits, yet current technologies fall short on the level of user friendliness and detection of main horse training activities. To this end, we collected leg accelerometer data of 14 well-trained horses during jumping and dressage trainings. For the first time, 6 jumping training and 25 advanced horse dressage activities are classified using specifically developed models based on a neural network. A jumping training could be classified with a high accuracy of 100 %, while a dressage training could be classified with an accuracy of 96.29%. Assigning the dressage movements to 11, 6 or 4 superclasses results in higher accuracies of 98.87%, 99.10% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, during dressage training, the side of movement could be identified with an accuracy of 97.08%. In addition, a velocity estimation model was developed based on the measured velocities of seven horses performing the collected, working, and extended gaits during a dressage training. For the walk, trot, and canter paces, the velocities could be estimated accurately with a low root mean square error of 0.07 m\/s, 0.14 m\/s, and 0.42 m\/s, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T08:41:49Z","timestamp":1633682509000},"page":"2904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Horse Jumping and Dressage Training Activity Detection Using Accelerometer Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anniek","family":"Eerdekens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WAVES-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot","family":"Deruyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WAVES-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5942-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaron","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7393-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bert","family":"Damiaans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VETMED, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WAVES-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0214-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli","family":"De Poorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Govaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VETMED, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Plets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WAVES-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8807-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wout","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WAVES-IMEC, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2011.10.007","article-title":"Diversity in horse enthusiasts with respect to horse welfare: An explorative study","volume":"7","author":"Visser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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