{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:35:19Z","timestamp":1788111319724,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1101020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1101020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a ubiquitous distributed zoonotic infectious disease present in wild and domestic animals. This study aimed to estimate within-herd and herd-level seroprevalence against pathogenic Leptospira spp. in dairy cows from southern Chile and identify risk factors associated with the herd-level status. We used a multi-stage strategy combined with a stratified sample strategy for randomly sampling 147 herds and 4876 lactating cows. We considered as infected a herd with at least one positive reactor to MAT. In addition, an epidemiological survey was applied to the herd\u2019s owners and a logistic regression (LR) model was constructed to analyze it. The overall within-herd prevalence was 5.9% (95% CI 4.9\u20136.8), the overall herd-level prevalence was 42.2% (95% CI 9.2\u201347.9), and there was variation in both between different herd sizes. L.\u00a0borgpetersenii serovars Hardjo and Tarassovi and L. interrogans serovar Pomona were the more frequent serovars in non-vaccinated herds. A factor that decreases the risk of a farm being infected was Leptospira vaccine usage (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.02\u20130.11), and variables that increase risk were using bulls for mating (OR = 3.43; 95% CI = 1.1\u201310.1) and continuous calving distribution (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.3\u20138.8). The study\u2019s results will contribute to unravelling the infection burden in the main dairy area of the country and designing control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1636017092000},"page":"3148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Seroprevalence and Herd-Level Risk Factors Associated with Chilean Dairy Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed, Portoviejo 130701, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.041172","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Germany, 1962\u20132003","volume":"11","author":"Jansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. 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