{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:56:23Z","timestamp":1782924983974,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Iberian pig is an autochthonous breed from the Iberian Peninsula highly valued for its meat. The sows are often bred as Iberian \u00d7 Duroc crossings for increased efficiency. Since sow parity and season affect the reproductive performance, we evaluated two-year records from a commercial farrow-to-finish farm (live, stillborn, and mummified piglets after artificial insemination, AI). A total of 1293 Iberian sows were inseminated with semen from 57 boars (3024 AI). The effects of parity (gilts, 1, 2\u20134, 5\u201310, and &gt;10 farrowings) and season were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models (LME). The data were fitted to cosinor models to investigate seasonal effects within parity groups. The effects of maximum daily temperature (MDT) and day length change (DLC) during spermatogenesis, pre-AI, and post-AI periods were analyzed with LME. The 2\u20134 group was the optimal one for parity. A seasonal effect was evident between spring\u2013summer (lower fertility\/prolificacy) and autumn\u2013winter (higher). Cosinor showed that the seasonal drop in reproductive performance occurs earlier in Iberian sows than in other breeds, more evident in gilts. MDT negatively affected performance in all periods and DLC in spermatogenesis and pre-AI. These results are relevant for the improvement of Iberian sows\u2019 intensive farming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T10:23:17Z","timestamp":1637058197000},"page":"3275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Season and Parity on Reproduction Performance of Iberian Sows Bred with Duroc Semen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Pi\u00f1\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Alegre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3294-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy N.","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5317, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Soriano-\u00dabeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave., Bldg. 10, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Manjar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave., Bldg. 10, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2987-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology (Cell Biology), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieto, R., Garc\u00eda-Casco, J., Lara, L., Palma-Granados, P., Izquierdo, M., Hernandez, F., Dieguez, E., Duarte, J.L., and Batorek-Luka\u010d, N. 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