{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:27:48Z","timestamp":1792441668159,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005980","name":"Ministry of Education and Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["077\/SP2H\/LT\/DRPM\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["077\/SP2H\/LT\/DRPM\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (&lt;1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T20:58:21Z","timestamp":1637528301000},"page":"3317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8433-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulianri Rizki","family":"Yanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru 28284, Riau, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Wielkopolskie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainissya","family":"Fitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences (LIPI)-National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bambang","family":"Suwignyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Elfahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40116, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanik","family":"Hidayatik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Rochmah","family":"Kumalasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1179-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agung","family":"Irawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7529-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuraga","family":"Jayanegara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6229","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12149","article-title":"Effect of dietary quebracho tannin extract on milk fatty acid composition in cows","volume":"100","author":"Henke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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