{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:59:11Z","timestamp":1781787551452,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["18A087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18A087"]}]},{"name":"National Top Disciplines Development Project for Innovation Teams","award":["kxk201801004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kxk201801004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet with betaine supplementation on the growth performance, carcass quality and fat deposition in finishing Ningxiang pigs. A total of 24 Ningxiang pigs (43.6 \u00b1 5.34 kg of average body weight) was randomly divided into two groups, with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 pigs per replicate. The treatments included a control group (basal diet) and a test group (basal diet + 0.2% betaine). The whole trial lasted 81 days. At the end of the experiment, one pig (close to the average body weight of all experimental pigs) per replicate was slaughtered to determine the carcass traits, meat quality and the mRNA expression levels of genes relate to fat deposition (one pig per replicate was randomly selected and fasted for 12 h, n = 6). Results indicated that growth performance was not changed with betaine supplementation. However, dietary with betaine supplementation decreased back fat thickness and fat percentage, and increased the lean meat percentage as well (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, diet with betaine supplementation reduced drip loss, water loss, cooking loss, shear force and b \u00d7 24 h value of meat (p &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in total moisture, ether extract and crude protein of longissimus thoracis between the control and test group. Dietary with betaine supplementation decreased ether extract and total cholesterol (p &lt; 0.05) in liver. Dietary with betaine supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), while downregulated the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in subcutaneous fat of back (p &lt; 0.05). Besides, dietary with betaine supplementation upregulated the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA expression of longissimus thoracis in finishing Ningxiang pigs (p &lt; 0.05). These results showed that diet supplemented with betaine could improve the slaughtering performance and meat quality, and regulate the genes expression to affect the fat deposition in finishing Ningxiang pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T22:50:45Z","timestamp":1638226245000},"page":"3408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of Betaine Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality and Fat Deposition in Finishing Ningxiang Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yurong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Role of miRNA and lncRNA in animal fat deposition\u2014A review","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0180064","article-title":"Characterization of Growth, Fat Deposition, and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression in Lean and Obese Meat-Type Chickens","volume":"56","author":"Suzuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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