{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:31:24Z","timestamp":1790875884891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several cases of Heterodon nasicus bites producing various symptoms have already been described. In this paper, a survey was conducted among Polish breeders of this species, where 47.7% of the respondents admitted that their snakes had tried to bite them, and 31.4% fed their snakes with their bare hands. When asked whether they feared being bitten by this snake during daily handling, an overwhelming majority of the respondents declared (74% of total negative responses, n = 63) that they were not afraid of being bitten. Based on the popularity of H. nasicus as a pet animal, it can only be assumed that the magnitude of accidental bites is much greater than that reported in published case reports. Therefore, it is important to try to educate pet breeders to report such cases and pay attention to the use of appropriate handling methods during contact with snake food and during feeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T01:20:41Z","timestamp":1639444841000},"page":"3537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Questionnaire Background on the Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) Breeders\u2019 Awareness of the Risk of Being Bitten"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9131-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Zieli\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kerns, M. (2021, November 10). Heterodon Nasicus Nasicus. Available online: https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Heterodon_nasicus\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5818\/1529-9651-10.3.24","article-title":"Husbandry of North American Colubrid Snakes","volume":"10","author":"Rossi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Herpetol. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaher, H., Murphy, R.W., Arredondo, J.C., Graboski, R., Machado-Filho, P.R., Mahlow, K., Montingelli, G.G., Quadros, A.B., Orlov, N.L., and Wilkinson, M. (2019). Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217959"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Weinstein, S.A., Warrell, D.A., and Keyler, D.E. (2011). \u201cVenomous\u201d Bites from Non-Venomous Snakes: A Critical Analysis of Risk and Management of \u201cColubrid\u201d Snake Bites, Elsevier Inc.. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12041","article-title":"A case of Western hognose snake bite","volume":"2","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"98","article-title":"Natural history of the western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus) with notes on envenomation","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"Son. 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[1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387732-1.00001-4"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.04.015","article-title":"Local envenoming by the Western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus): A case report and review of medically significant Heterodon bites","volume":"54","author":"Weinstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.02.003","article-title":"Non-front-fanged colubroid snakes: A current evidence-based analysis of medical significance","volume":"69","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2307\/3669870","article-title":"Feeding Adaptations of Hognose Snakes","volume":"20","author":"Kroll","year":"1976","journal-title":"Southwest. 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Expert Canin"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.295","article-title":"First reported case of thrombocytopenia from a Heterodon nasicus envenomation","volume":"157","author":"Brandehoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(78)90179-4","article-title":"Evidence of toxic saliva in some colubrid snakes of the United States","volume":"16","author":"McKinstry","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"361","article-title":"Envenomation from the Bite of Heterodon nasicus (Serpentes: Colubridae)","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"1985","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"121","article-title":"Is Heterodon Venomous?","volume":"16","author":"Bragg","year":"1960","journal-title":"Herpetologica"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/12\/3537\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:47:07Z","timestamp":1760168827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/12\/3537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ani11123537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11123537","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]}}}