{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:24:46Z","timestamp":1792185886424,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004960","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4335\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4335\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of antibiotics in animal production are widely used for disease treatment, health protection, and as growth promoters. Common antibiotics used in veterinary medicine are excreted and eliminated through the sewage system, contaminating water and soil with negative effects on agricultural activities. This systematic review focuses on the trend of research works on antibiotic residues, evaluating antibiotics used in livestock production and their excretion in animal products and in environmental matrices such as water and soil. Our database was composed of 165 articles, reporting the concentration of antibiotic residues found in the environment, livestock (cow, sheep, pig, horse, chicken, rabbit, goat), aquatic and terrestrial animal tissues, animal products (milk and eggs), wastewater, and soil. The documents were obtained from Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Oceania. A descriptive analysis of antibiotic residues found worldwide was analyzed according to each of the variables used such as antibiotic family, name, concentration (% and mg\/kg or ppm), and country and continent where the residue was found. The descriptive analysis was carried out using the \u201cdescribe\u201d function of psych package and pirate plots were drawn. According to our study, the main antibiotics used worldwide in animal production are sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, penicillin, and cephalosporins. At present, despite the trends of increased regulations on the use of antibiotics worldwide, antibiotics are still utilized in food animal production, and are present in water and soil, then, there is still the misuse of antibiotics in many countries. We need to become aware that antibiotic contamination is a global problem, and we are challenged to reduce and improve their use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1640745087000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Worldwide Traceability of Antibiotic Residues from Livestock in Wastewater and Soil: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lizbeth E.","family":"Robles-Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Aranda-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4693-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavio A.","family":"Castelan-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz S.","family":"Shettino-Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de An\u00e1lisis Instrumental, Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola y Animal, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calz, Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacan 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rutilio","family":"Ortiz-Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de An\u00e1lisis Instrumental, Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola y Animal, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calz, Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacan 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9869-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatomia, Produccion Animal y Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunde","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5303-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Angeles-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7105-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Einar","family":"Vargas-Bello-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gr\u00f8nneg\u00e5rdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3616-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gonzalez-Ronquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"},{"name":"Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Social and Health Sciences, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes, Punta Arenas 01855, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0026","article-title":"Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with animal manure","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13097","article-title":"Soil-borne reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are established following therapeutic treatment of dairy calves","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.140","article-title":"Veterinary antibiotics in animal waste, its distribution in soil and uptake by plants: A review","volume":"563\u2013564","author":"Tasho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"287","article-title":"Peer reviewed: Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks?","volume":"1","author":"Boxall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.03.026","article-title":"A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment","volume":"65","author":"Sarmah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.031","article-title":"Antibiotic Use in Food Animals in the World with Focus on Africa: Pluses and Minuses","volume":"20","author":"Van","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1038\/509S16a","article-title":"Public health: The politics of antibiotics","volume":"509","author":"Cully","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12193","article-title":"Anti-microbial use in animals: How to assess the trade-offs","volume":"62","author":"Rushton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72979-9","article-title":"A survey on Antibiotic usage in dairy herds in Pennsylvania","volume":"88","author":"Sawant","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2019.100058","article-title":"Patterns of antibiotic use in global pig production: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Lekagul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.588348","article-title":"Review of the Regulation of Veterinary Drugs and Residues in South Africa","volume":"54","author":"Chanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Riviere, J.E., and Papich, M.G. (2013). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086","article-title":"Antibiotics in the environment\u2013A review\u2013Part 1","volume":"75","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"48","article-title":"Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agriculturalsoil","volume":"545\u2013546","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in food: The African scenario","volume":"61","author":"Darwish","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2020, December 15). Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia Pacific Region: A Development Agenda; Manila, Philippines. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO., Available online: https:\/\/iris.wpro.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665.1\/13570\/9789290618126-eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). WHO Guidelines on Use of Medically Important Antimicrobials in Food-Producing Animals, World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2020, May 04). Regulation (EC) No 1831\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Councel on Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition. Available online: http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/En\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:02003R1831-20100901&rid=1."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Johnson, R. (2020, December 14). Potential Trade Implications of Restrictions on Antimicrobial Use in Animal Production. Congressional Research Service 7\u20135700. Available online: https:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/R41047.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Government of Canada (2020, November 17). Responsible Use of Medically Important Antimicrobials in Animals, Available online: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/antibiotic-antimicrobial-resistance\/animals\/actions\/responsible-use-antimicrobials.html."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2020, December 15). Guidance for Industry 213: New Animal Drugs and New Animal Drug Combination Products Administered in or on Medicated Feed or Drinking Water of Food-Producing Animals: Recommendations for Drug Sponsors for Voluntarily Aligning Product Use Conditions; Dockets Management, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. FDA-2011-D-0889, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AnimalVeterinary\/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement\/GuidanceforIndustry\/UCM299624.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Australian Veterinary Association (2020, December 12). Guideline for Prescribing, Authorizing and Dispensing Veterinary Medicines. Available online: https:\/\/www.ava.com.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Other\/Guidelines_for_prescribing_authorising_and_dispensing_veterinary_medicines.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-018-0099-2","article-title":"Food safety impacts of antimicrobial use and their residues in aquaculture","volume":"39","author":"Okocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"FAO (2021, October 31). Antimicrobial Resistence. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/antimicrobial-resistance."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"5649","article-title":"Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals","volume":"18","author":"Brower","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"European Commission (1999). European Union, Commission Regulation 508\/1999\/EC amending Annexes I to IV to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377\/90 laying down Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin. Off. J. Eur. Union., L224, 16."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (2007, January 20\u201325). OIE list of antimicrobials of veterinary importance. Proceedings of the 75th General Session, Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Revelle, W. (2021). Psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=psych."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"22","article-title":"Yarrr: A Companion to the e-Book","volume":"Volume 30","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Book \u201cYaRrr!: The Pirate\u2019s Guide to R\u201d"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) (2015). State of the World\u2019s Antibiotics, CDDEP."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0294-9","article-title":"World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals","volume":"7","author":"Frederick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.26-29","article-title":"ELISA based monitoring and analysis of tetracycline residues in cattle milk in various districts of Punjab","volume":"7","author":"Gaurav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. World."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhary Alewy Almashhadany (2020). Monitoring of Antibiotic Residues among Sheep Meat in Erbil City and Thermal Processing Effect on their Remnants. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 34, 217\u2013222.","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2019.125814.1161"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6152","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2568","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in cattle and sheep meat and human exposure assessment in southern Xinjiang, China","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraemer, A., Ramachandran, A., and Perron, G.G. (2019). Antibiotic pollution in the environment: From microbial ecology to public policy. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060180"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3544","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3544","article-title":"Antimicrobial policy interventions in food animal production in South East Asia","volume":"358","author":"Goutard","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0672-6","article-title":"Antibiotic use in chicken farms in northwestern China","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Vorotnikov, V. (2021, November 03). Russia Set to Limit Antibiotic Use in Animal Feed. Available online: https:\/\/www.pigprogress.net\/Health\/Articles\/2021\/9\/Russia-set-to-limit-antibiotic-use-in-animal-feed-792680E\/."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehtarpour, M., Takian, A., Eshrati, B., and Jaafaripooyan, E. (2020). Control of antimicrobial resistance in Iran: The role of international factors. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09006-8"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00865-9","article-title":"Understanding antibiotic use for pig farming in Thailand: A qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Lekagul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laxminarayan, R., and Chaudhury, R.R. (2016). Antibiotic resistance in India: Drivers and opportunities for action. PLoS Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001974"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.061","article-title":"Fractionationand analysis of veterinary antibiotics and their related degradation products in agricultural soilsand drainage waters following swine manure amendment","volume":"543","author":"Solliec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Chuanchuen, R., Pariyotorn, P., Siriwattanachai, K., Pagdepanichkit, S., Srisanga, S., Wannaprasat, W., Phyo Thu, W., Simjee, S., and Otte, J. (2014). Review of the Literature on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic Bacteria from Livestock in East, South and Southeast Asia, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Available online: http:\/\/cdn.aphca.org\/dmdocuments\/REP_AMR_141022_c.pdf."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v82i1.816","article-title":"Pattern of antimicrobial usage in livestock animals in south-western Nigeria: The need for alternative plans","volume":"82","author":"Adesokan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mshana, S.E., Sindato, C., Matee, M.I., and Mboera, L.E.G. (2021). Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Agriculture and Food Production Systems in Africa: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080976"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"727","article-title":"Variations in the Consumption of Antimicrobial Medicines in the European Region, 2014\u20132018: Findings and Implications from ESAC-Net and WHO Europe","volume":"12","author":"Jane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"EMA (2017). Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobial Agents in 30 European Countries in 2015. Trends from 2010 to 2015, EMA."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-018-0152-2","article-title":"Pharming animals: A global history of antibiotics in food production (1935\u20132017)","volume":"4","author":"Kirchhelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Palgrave Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103","article-title":"A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential","volume":"127","author":"Landers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albernaz-Gon\u00e7alves, R., Olmos, G., and H\u00f6tzel, M.J. (2021). Exploring Farmers\u2019 Reasons for Antibiotic Use and Misuse in Pig Farms in Brazil. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030331"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiseo, K., Huber, L., Gilbert, M., Robinson, T.P., and Van Boeckel, T.P. (2020). Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals from 2017 to 2030. Antibitics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120918"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.23122","article-title":"Three ways in, one way out: Water dynamics in the trans-membrane domains of the inner membrane translocase AcrB","volume":"79","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg483","article-title":"Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data","volume":"53","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.0066","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with food animals: A United States perspective of livestock production","volume":"4","author":"Mathew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020, October 03). CVM GFI #213 New Animal Drugs and New Animal Drug Combination Products Administered in or on Medicated Feed or Drinking Water of Food-Producing Animals: Recommendations for Drug Sponsors for Voluntarily Aligning Product Use Conditions with GFI #209, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/cvm-gfi-213-new-animal-drugs-and-new-animal-drug-combination-products-administered-or-medicated-feed."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"UK Legislation (2020, October 03). Regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on Veterinary Medicinal Products and Repealing Directive 2001\/82\/EC, Available online: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/eur\/2019\/6\/contents."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"987","article-title":"Antimicrobial residues in foods of animal origin in Africa: Public health risks","volume":"33","author":"Mensah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"93","article-title":"Oxytetracycline residues in edible tissues of cattle slaughtered in Akure, Nigeria","volume":"31","author":"Olatoye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Niger. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2011.585245","article-title":"Incidence of tetracycline residues in chicken meat and liver retailed to consumers","volume":"4","author":"Salama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"European Union (2010). Commission Regulation (EU) No 37\/2010 of 22 December 2009 on Pharmacologically Active Substances and Their Classification Regarding Maximum Residue Limits in Food Stuffs of Animal Origin, Office Joint European Union."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) (2012). Summary Report of Antimicrobial Sold or Distributed for Used in Food-Producing Animals, FDA. Available online: https:\/\/fda.report\/media\/89630\/2012-Summary-Report-on-Antimicrobials-Sold-or-Distributed-for-Use-in-Food-Producing-Animals.pdf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramatla, T., Ngoma, L., Adetunji, M., and Mwanza, M. (2017). Evaluation of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Meat Using Different Analytical Methods. Antibiotics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics6040034"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treiber, F.M., and Beranek-Knauer, H. (2021). Antimicrobial Residues in Food from Animal Origin\u2014A Review of the Literature Focusing on Products Collected in Stores and Markets Worldwide. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050534"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Bishop, Y. (2005). The Veterinary Formulary, Pharmaceutical Press. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.12.012","article-title":"Establishment of a method to detect sulfonamide residues in chicken meat and eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"72B","author":"Premarathne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.07.017","article-title":"Reproductive tract defense and disease in postpartum dairy cows","volume":"76","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7644","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8521","article-title":"Effect of on-farm use of antimicrobial drugs on resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of preweaned dairy calves","volume":"97","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Analysis of veterinary drug residues in cheese by ultra-high-performance LC coupled to triple quadrupole MS\/MSJ","volume":"36","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.1021\/jf060545y","article-title":"Evaluation of a method for assaying sulfonamide antimicrobial residues in cheese: Hot-water extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Berardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12468","article-title":"Finding alternatives to antibiotics","volume":"1323","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/03601231003800222","article-title":"Effects of light and microbial activity on thedegradation of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pond water and sediment","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health B"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.22354\/in.v22i2.717","article-title":"Producci\u00f3n pecuaria y emergencia de antibi\u00f3tico resistencia en Colombia: Revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"22","author":"Arenas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infectio"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00100-6","article-title":"Aquaculture as yet another environmental gateway to the development and globalization of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"16","author":"Cabello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.065","article-title":"Antibiotics bioremediation: Perspectives on its ecotoxicity and resistance","volume":"124","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.11.094","article-title":"Quinolones and tetracyclines in aquaculture fish by a simple and rapid LC-MS\/MS method","volume":"245","author":"Guidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, J.E.M., Schreier, H.J., Lanska, L., and Hale, M.S. (2017). The rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: Sources, sinks and solutions. Mar. Drugs., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/md15060158"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11","article-title":"Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health","volume":"24","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2007.02.008","article-title":"Pharmaceutical-residue Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Barcelo","year":"2007","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg293","article-title":"Significance of antibiotics in the environment","volume":"52","author":"Kummerer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"FDA (U.S. Food of Drug Administration) (2020, May 05). Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, Available online: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/AnimalVeterinary\/NewsEvents\/CVMUpdates\/ucm440585.htm."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.012","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: H\u00f6je River in Sweden","volume":"122","author":"Bendz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrenk, D. (2012). Chemical contamination of red meat. Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food, Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857095794"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2010.12.010","article-title":"Occurrence of steroid hormones and antibiotics in shallow groundwater impacted by livestock waste control facilities","volume":"123","author":"Snow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2010.11.020","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in a water recycling process using reverse osmosis systems","volume":"77","author":"Khabbaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.12.050","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China","volume":"445\u2013446","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.04.009","article-title":"Aquaculture practices and potential human health risks: Current knowledge and future priorities","volume":"34","author":"Sapkota","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1021\/es1011115","article-title":"Uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products by soybean plants from soils applied with biosolids and irrigated with contaminated water","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-04003-3","article-title":"Perspectives on the antibiotic contamination, resistance, metabolomics, and systemic remediation","volume":"3","author":"Sodhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.025","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: A review of the European scenario","volume":"94","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07992-3","article-title":"Fecal pollution can explain antibiotic resistance gene abundances in anthropogenically impacted environments","volume":"18","author":"Karkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.032","article-title":"Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: A review","volume":"447","author":"Rizzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.091","article-title":"One Health\u2014Cycling of diverse microbial communities as a connecting force for soil, plant, animal, human and ecosystem health","volume":"664","author":"Goss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00338","article-title":"Antibiotics in the Soil Environment\u2014Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity","volume":"10","author":"Mrozik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/1\/60\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:54:56Z","timestamp":1760169296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/1\/60"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12010060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12010060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]}}}