{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:27:22Z","timestamp":1791926842174,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>First-line therapy for cats with pyothorax consists of intravenous antibiotics, drainage of the septic pleural effusion and closed-chest lavage. Large-bore thoracostomy tubes are traditionally used for drainage, but case series indicate a comparable efficacy using small-bore tubes. In this retrospective study, we describe a new technique of sheath-guided small-bore (6 F) thoracostomy tubes in cats with pyothorax and evaluate their efficacy and complications. Additionally, we compare outcomes between two treatment groups. Placement and use of the small-bore thoracostomy tubes described here has a low complication rate of 4% (3\/67 tubes), and 53% (24\/45) of the cats could be treated with thoracostomy tubes and closed-chest lavage according to the protocol. The success rate is reduced by 18% (8\/45) due to deaths caused mainly by sepsis, 16% (7\/45) due to structural diseases requiring surgery and a further 14% (6\/43) due to lavage failures that could only be cured after additive therapy (thoracotomy or fibrinolysis). The long-term prognosis was very good, with a survival rate one year after discharge of 94% (30\/32). We detected no effect on survival by early placement of bilateral thoracostomy tubes or closed-chest lavage with a heparinised solution. In conclusion, therapy of pyothorax with small-bore thoracostomy tubes is as successful as therapy with large- or medium-bore tubes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T22:51:50Z","timestamp":1641250310000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapy of Pyothorax in Cats via Small-Bore Thoracostomy Tube in Terms of Efficacy, Complications and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Heier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Wurtinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Hassdenteufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.819","article-title":"Risk factors, prognostic indicators, and outcome of pyothorax in cats: 80 cases (1986\u20131999)","volume":"221","author":"Waddell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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