{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:00:06Z","timestamp":1790654406737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Michael Forsgrens stipendiefond","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"C August Carlssons stipendiefond","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Mahasarakham University, Thailand","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004360","name":"Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extenders for boar semen contain antibiotics, which may induce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in inseminated females. The objective was to investigate AMR of bacteria isolated from the cervix of sows and gilts in standing heat, representing females previously exposed to antibiotics in the semen extender and non-exposed females, respectively. Cervical swabs were taken from 30 multiparous sows and 30 gilts prior to their first insemination. After culturing on agar plates, bacterial isolates were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. Differences in antibiotic resistance between sows and gilts were analyzed by Chi-squared or Fisher\u2019s exact test. Bacteria isolated were mostly Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. Higher MICs were observed for isolates from sows than from gilts. Most (&gt;80%) Corynebacterium spp. were resistant to clindamycin; small numbers (&lt;20%) were resistant to gentamicin, penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin, with no differences between gilts and sows. Corynebacterium from gilts were more often resistant to tetracycline than those from sows (25% vs. 4.17%; p = 0.04). In conclusion, bacteria from the porcine cervix showed low resistance to most antibiotics except for clindamycin, but antibacterial resistance may increase with increasing parity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:42:16Z","timestamp":1641415336000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cervical Microbes of Gilts and Sows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Kellerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pongpreecha","family":"Malaluang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3764-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7036, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Eliasson Selling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm and Animal Health, Kungs\u00e4ngensg\u00e5rd, SE-75323 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane M.","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. (2021, October 17). Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations. London: Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. 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