{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:49:46Z","timestamp":1760402986116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The first two European outbreaks of herpetic pneumonia caused by Psittacid alphaherpesvirus-5 were diagnosed based on gross pathology findings, histological examination, transmission electron microscopy visualization and genome sequencing. The outbreaks, characterized by high morbidity and high mortality rates, involved two parrot species, namely the Indian ringneck parrot (Psittacula krameri) and the Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria). Clinical signs observed were ruffled feathers, dyspnea, tail bobbing, open wings while breathing, depression and anorexia. Necropsy was performed on Indian ringneck parrots only, and the most evident and serious gross lesion found in all the birds was a diffuse marked consolidation of the lungs associated with parenchyma congestion and oedema. Histological examination confirmed the existence of bronchopneumonia characterized by the presence of syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies. In one bird, fibrinous airsacculitis was observed as well. Lung tissue inspection through electron microscopy revealed the presence of virus particles resembling herpesviruses. Viral DNA was extracted, amplified using primers for Alloherpesviridae DNA polymerase gene detection, and then sequenced. BLAST analysis showed a 100% identity with the only previously reported sequence of PsHV-5 (MK955929.1).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12020188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T10:57:37Z","timestamp":1642071457000},"page":"188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Herpetic Pneumonia in Indian Ringneck Parrots (Psittacula krameri): First Report of Novel Psittacid Alphaherpesvirus-5 Infection in Europe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bottinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SCT1-Verona, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra, VR, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS6 Virologia Speciale e Sperimentazione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Zanardello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS3 Diagnostica Specialistica e Istopatologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Budai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS6 Virologia Speciale e Sperimentazione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS6 Virologia Speciale e Sperimentazione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Antonazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practitioner\u2014Ambulatorio Veterinario Vestina, 65015 Montesilvano, PE, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCT1-Verona, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra, VR, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Merenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCT1-Verona, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra, VR, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Terregino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCS6 Virologia Speciale e Sperimentazione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3258-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCT1-Verona, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra, VR, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Altman, R.B., Clubb, S.L., Dorrestein, G.M., and Quesenberry, K.E. 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