{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1791433039660,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Winifred Violet Scott Charitable Foundation","award":["USYD IRMA-G197278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USYD IRMA-G197278"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Six mature, male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), with clinical signs of chlamydiosis, were administered doxycycline as a 5 mg\/kg subcutaneous injection, once a week for four weeks. Blood was collected at standardised time points (T = 0 to 672 h) to quantify the plasma doxycycline concentrations through high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In five koalas, the doxycycline plasma concentration over the first 48 h appeared to have two distinct elimination gradients; therefore, a two-compartmental analysis was undertaken to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. The average \u00b1 SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 312.30 \u00b1 107.74 ng\/mL, while the average time \u00b1 SD taken to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 1.68 \u00b1 1.49 h. The mean \u00b1 SD half-life of the distribution phase (T1\/2 \u03b1) and the elimination phase (T1\/2 \u03b2) were 10.51 \u00b1 7.15 h and 82.93 \u00b1 37.76 h, respectively. The average \u00b1 SD percentage of doxycycline binding to koala plasma protein was 83.65 \u00b1 4.03% at three different concentrations, with a mean unbound fraction (fu) of 0.16. Using probability of target attainment modelling, doxycycline plasma concentrations were likely to inhibit 90% of pathogens with the doxycycline minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8.0\u201331.0 ng\/mL, and the reported doxycycline MIC to inhibit Chlamydia pecorum isolates at the area under the curve\/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC\/MIC) target of \u226524. All koalas were confirmed to be negative for Chlamydia pecorum using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), from ocular and penile urethra swabs, three weeks after the last doxycycline injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:40:20Z","timestamp":1642718420000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacokinetic Profile of Doxycycline in Koala Plasma after Weekly Subcutaneous Injections for the Treatment of Chlamydiosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Gillett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Beerwah, QLD 4519, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Beerwah, QLD 4519, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3595-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merran","family":"Govendir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42587","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42587","article-title":"Decline causes of Koalas in South East Queensland, Australia: A 17-year retrospective study of mortality and morbidity","volume":"7","author":"Allavena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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