{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:51:35Z","timestamp":1790805095878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23306-6 and 2019\/03425-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23306-6 and 2019\/03425-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although mycoplasmas have a reduced genome and no cell wall, they have important mechanisms for the antigenic variation in surface lipoproteins that modulate their interactions with the host. Mycoplasma agalactiae, the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia, has a multigene family involved in the high-frequency phase variation in surface lipoproteins called variable proteins of M. agalactiae (Vpmas). The Vpma lipoproteins are involved in the immune evasion, colonization, dissemination, and persistence of M. agalactiae in the host. In this paper, we evaluate the Vpma phenotypic profiles of two different strains of M. agalactiae, namely, GM139 and the type strain PG2, to assess possible correlations between Vpma phase variability and the geographic localization, animal origin, and pathogenicity of these two strains. Using monospecific Vpma antibodies against individual Vpmas in immunoblots, we demonstrate that, unlike PG2, which expresses six Vpma proteins with high-frequency phase variation, colonies of GM139 predominantly express VpmaV and do not exhibit any sectoring phenotype for any Vpma. Since VpmaV is one of the most important Vpmas for cell adhesion and invasion, its predominant sole expression in GM139 without high-frequency variation may be the basis of the differential pathogenicity of GM139 and PG2. Additionally, MALDI-ToF MS analysis also demonstrates significant differences between these two strains and their relatedness with other M. agalactiae strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predominant Single Stable VpmaV Expression in Strain GM139 and Major Differences with Mycoplasma agalactiae Type Strain PG2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maysa Santos","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Spergser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Miranda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Timenetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Rosengarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohini","family":"Chopra-Dewasthaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286752","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/286752","article-title":"Mycoplasma agalactiae, an Etiological Agent of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants: A Review","volume":"2014","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. 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