{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:13:21Z","timestamp":1790144001809,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colonization of food chain animals such as chickens with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) poses a major health threat to human. The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic relationship between ESBL-producing E. coli from diseased human and chickens in Egypt. A total of 56 out of 120 chicken farms (46.7%) and 9 human samples (100%) were phenotypically and genotypically identified with at least one ESBL-phenotype\/gene. Chicken isolates showed a high proportion of beta lactamase from CTX-M group 9 &gt; TEM &gt; PER families, followed by CTX-M group 1 &gt; SHV &gt; GES &gt; OXA group10 &gt; VEB &gt; OXA group2 families, while human isolates only contained the CTX-M family. A high incidence of ESBL genes from the CTX-M family was recognized in both human and chicken isolates. Furthermore, nucleotide identity showed high similarity between chicken and human isolates. In conclusion, the current study traced phenotypes and genotypes of ESBL-producing E. coli from chickens and human samples in Egypt, reporting degrees of similarity that suggest potential zoonotic transmission. Our data highlighted the significant importance of chicken as a major food source not only in Egypt but all over the world in the spreading of ESBL-producing E. coli to human.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1643709561000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant and Genetic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing E. coli Recovered from Chickens and Humans in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Heba","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem M.","family":"Reda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naglaa M.","family":"Hagag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essam","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Elnomrosy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4851-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal I.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Giza 2223, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momtaz A.","family":"Shahein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah F.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5879-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hala R.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Percival, S.L., Yates, M.V., Williams, D.W., Chalmers, R.M., and Gray, N.F. 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