{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:40:45Z","timestamp":1785577245121,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The analgesic efficacy of meloxicam and ketoprofen against equine visceral pain is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam (M) and ketoprofen (K) to flunixin meglumine (F) following inguinal castration. Horses undergoing inguinal castration under general anesthesia were randomly assigned F (1.1 mg\/kg), M (0.6 mg\/kg) or K (2.2 mg\/kg) intravenously two hours pre-operatively and 24 h later. A pain score (out of 31) was recorded blindly by a senior clinician and veterinary student before NSAIDs administration (T0), and after the first (T1) and second (T2) administrations, using a modified post-abdominal surgery pain assessment scale (PASPAS). Pain was classified as mild (score \u2264 7), moderate (score = 8\u201314) or severe (score &gt; 14). Thirty horses (12 F, 10 M, 8 K) aged 6.2 \u00b1 4.9 years, mostly warmbloods, were included. Horse welfare was not compromised regardless of the drug assigned. There was no statistically significant effect of NSAIDs on pain score. Mean pain scores were significantly higher at T1 than T0 for each NSAID (F: 5.08 \u00b1 2.50 vs. 1.58 \u00b1 1.38 (p &lt; 0.001); M: 4.60 \u00b1 2.32 vs. 1.10 \u00b1 1.20 (p &lt; 0.001); K: 5.25 \u00b1 1.39 vs. 1.50 \u00b1 1.51 (p &lt; 0.0001)) and lower at T2 than T1 for F (2.92 \u00b1 2.423 vs. 5.08 \u00b1 2.50 (p &lt; 0.001)) and M (2.90 \u00b1 1.37 vs. 4.60 \u00b1 2.32 (p &lt; 0.0325)). At T1, senior pain scores were significantly different than for junior (5.56 \u00b1 0.54 vs. 3.22 \u00b1 0.62, p = 0.005). This study indicates that meloxicam and ketoprofen provide a similar level of analgesia to flunixin meglumine for the management of mild visceral pain in horses. PASPAS is not reliable for junior evaluators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12040526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:24:21Z","timestamp":1645475061000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise C.","family":"Lemonnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CISCO), Oniris, Route de Gachet, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Thorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition PhysioPathologie et Pharmacologie, University of Nantes, Oniris, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Meurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CISCO), Oniris, Route de Gachet, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Dubus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Bel Air, All\u00e9e Marcel Doret, F-41000 Blois, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenola","family":"Touzot-Jourde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CISCO), Oniris, Route de Gachet, F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"UMR Inserm U1229\u2013Regenerative Medecine and Skeleton, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Nantes, Oniris, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Courouc\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CISCO), Oniris, Route de Gachet, F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Biotargen, Normandie University, Unicaen, F-14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lia A.","family":"Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CISCO), Oniris, Route de Gachet, F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"l\u2019Institut du Thorax, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12997","article-title":"Proportion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescription in equine practice","volume":"51","author":"Duz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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