{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:52:31Z","timestamp":1777600351576,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A prospective, randomized clinical trial was designed to compare four epidural treatments in dogs undergoing total unilateral mastectomy. The epidural volume of injectate was based on the individual occipito-coccygeal length (OCL) aiming to reach the first thoracic vertebra (T1). The first ten dogs were allocated in a control group (C) and did not receive epidural treatment. Subsequently, forty dogs were randomly allocated in four groups of ten: epidural ropivacaine 0.5% (R0.5%); morphine 0.1 mg kg\u22121 plus ropivacaine 0.5% (MR0.5%); morphine 0.1 mg kg\u22121 plus ropivacaine 0.35% (MR0.35%); morphine 0.1 mg kg\u22121 plus ropivacaine 0.25% (MR0.25%). Intraoperatively, isoflurane requirement (1.3% vs. &lt;1.1% FE\u2019Iso) and fentanyl requirement (9.8 vs. &lt;1.1 \u00b5g kg\u22121 h\u22121) were significantly higher in C group compared to all epidural groups. Postoperatively, methadone requirement was higher (1.8 mg kg\u22121 vs. &lt;0.8 mg kg\u22121) for C group compared to all epidural treatment groups. The ability to walk and to urinate returned 4 h earlier in MR0.35% and MR0.25%. The mean epidural volume of ropivacaine, using a dose regimen based on OCL, to reach T1 was about 0.15 mL cm\u22121. The addition of morphine further reduced the methadone requirement, without affecting urinary and motor functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12050587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:00:40Z","timestamp":1645783240000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epidural Volume of Injectate Using a Dose Regimen Based on Occipito-Coccygeal Spinal Length (OCL): Randomized Clinical Study Comparing Different Ropivacaine Concentrations, with or without Morphine, in Bitches Undergoing Total Unilateral Mastectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamaseh","family":"Tayari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists (SCVS), Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3JW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0901-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo E.","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Briganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Withrow, S.J., Vail, D.M., and Page, R.L. 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