{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:35:10Z","timestamp":1792154110932,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA)","award":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00044\/U\/00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPI\/APM\/2019\/1\/00044\/U\/00001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Markers of freezability allow the selection of ejaculates of good freezability. So far, most investigations were conducted in boars, bulls, rams and horses, with high economic interests triggering the efforts. The progress in dogs is comparably slow. A critical evaluation of the methods requires consideration of practicability, with most labs not even possessing a computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA); furthermore, small canine ejaculates mostly do not allow the use of large semen volumes. In dogs, modern markers of freezability no longer assess single membrane constituents or seminal plasma components but comprise tests of cell functionality and adaptability, energy metabolism, cluster analyses of kinetic and morphometric parameters, as well as DNA intactness. Identification of the most efficient combination of tests seems useful. At present, examination by CASA combined with cluster analysis of kinetic subgroups, JC-1 staining and COMET assay or staining with toluidine blue seem most appropriate; however, cell volumetry and other functional tests deserve better attention. A better understanding of spermatozoa energy metabolism might reveal new markers. This review focuses on the requirements and markers of freezability of canine semen, highlighting potential future candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T03:06:10Z","timestamp":1647313570000},"page":"733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Canine Spermatozoa\u2014Predictability of Cryotolerance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Sch\u00e4fer-Somi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Small Animals and Horses, Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia Cecilia","family":"Luvoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13629","article-title":"Canine semen cryoconservation: Emerging data over the last 20 years","volume":"55","author":"Bencharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. 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