{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T18:57:54Z","timestamp":1772564274778,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic intestinal disorders (CID) are characterized by persistent, or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs present for at least three weeks. In human medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic GI diseases and includes Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). On the other hand, the general term chronic enteropathies (CE) is preferred in veterinary medicine. Different therapeutic approaches to these diseases are used in both humans and pets. This review is focused on the use of traditional therapies and nutraceuticals with specific antioxidant properties, for the treatment of CID in humans and animal patients. There is strong evidence of the antioxidant properties of the nutraceuticals included in this review, but few studies report their use for treating CID in humans and none in animals. Despite this fact, the majority of the nutraceuticals described in the present article could be considered as promising alternatives for the regular treatment of CID in human and veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1648038025000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chronic Intestinal Disorders in Humans and Pets: Current Management and the Potential of Nutraceutical Antioxidants as Alternatives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Meineri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0247-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Martello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Candioli Pharma S.r.l., 10092 Beinasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1970-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Saettone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7505-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Atuahene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Armandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Giuseppe","family":"Ribaldone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Actis, G.C., Pellicano, R., Fagoonee, S., and Ribaldone, D.G. (2019). History of inflammatory bowel diseases. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111970"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v4.i3.41","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: An archetype disorder of outer environment sensor systems","volume":"4","author":"Actis","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Rev-294","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20805.1","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.110","article-title":"The IBD interactome: An integrated view of aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"14","author":"Fiocchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"203","article-title":"Chronic Enteropathy In Canines: Prevalence, Impact And Management Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552350","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.552350","article-title":"Early Life Modifiable Exposures and Their Association With Owner Reported Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms in Adult Dogs","volume":"8","author":"Hemida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i9.1050","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in the dog: Differences and similarities with humans","volume":"16","author":"Cerquetella","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.2741\/e470","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in veterinary medicine","volume":"E4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15345","article-title":"Narrative review of therapies for chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats","volume":"33","author":"Makielski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.01.004","article-title":"Clinical immunology and immunopathology of the canine and feline intestine","volume":"41","author":"Allenspach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d5380","article-title":"Canine breeds at high risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease in the south-eastern UK","volume":"169","author":"Kathrani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.005","article-title":"Dietary and Nutritional Approaches to the Management of Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs and Cats","volume":"51","author":"Kathrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325162","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2325162","article-title":"Possible biomarkers in blood for Crohn\u2019s disease: Oxidative stress and microRNAs\u2014Current evidences and further aspects to unravel","volume":"2016","author":"Iborra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.173753","article-title":"The implications of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical aspects and animal models","volume":"22","author":"Balmus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2011.011358","article-title":"Oxidative stress and redox signaling mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease: Updated experimental and clinical evidence","volume":"237","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2014.997612","article-title":"Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"6","author":"Minamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw169","article-title":"3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease 2016: Part 2: Surgical Management and Special Situations","volume":"11","author":"Gionchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx009","article-title":"Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 2: Current management","volume":"11","author":"Harbord","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.27","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease in Adults","volume":"113","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.808622","article-title":"Mesalazine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Criscuoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1621745","article-title":"Budesonide MMX: Efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Salice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.18936","article-title":"Management of Crohn Disease: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Cushing","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887113666180910120959","article-title":"A concise history of thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: From anecdotal reporting to treat-to-target algorithms","volume":"14","author":"Actis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Recent Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saettone, V., Biasato, I., Radice, E., Schiavone, A., Bergero, D., and Meineri, G. (2020). State-of-the-Art of the Nutritional Alternatives to the Use of Antibiotics in Humans and Monogastric Animals. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122199"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-3992","article-title":"Long-term, Real-life, Observational Study in Treating Outpatient Ulcerative Colitis with Golimumab","volume":"30","author":"Tursi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.63","article-title":"Loss of Response to Anti-TNFs: Definition, Epidemiology, and Management","volume":"7","author":"Roda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertani, L., Caviglia, G.P., Antonioli, L., Pellicano, R., Fagoonee, S., Astegiano, M., Saracco, G.M., Bugianesi, E., Blandizzi, C., and Costa, F. (2020). Serum Interleukin-6 and -8 as Predictors of Response to Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051323"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osuna, C.G., G\u00f3mez-Vila, B., Pariente, J.A., Losada, B.V., de Castro, C.G., L\u00f3pez, S.R., Vel\u00e1zquez, \u00c1.D., Garc\u00eda, L.P., Fern\u00e1ndez, L.O., and Diez, S.G. (2020). Ustekinumab drug survival in patients with psoriasis: A retrospective study of real clinical practice. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56110584"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16712","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of tofacitinib for treatment of ulcerative colitis: Final analysis of OCTAVE Open, an open-label, long-term extension study with up to 7.0 years of treatment","volume":"55","author":"Sandborn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.27.6.293","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats","volume":"27","author":"Sturgess","year":"2005","journal-title":"In Pract."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-014-0043-5","article-title":"Efficacy of two low-dose oral tylosin regimens in controlling the relapse of diarrhea in dogs with tylosin-responsive diarrhea: A prospective, single-blinded, two-arm parallel, clinical field trial","volume":"56","author":"Kilpinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menozzi, A., Dall\u2019Aglio, M., Quintavalla, F., Dallavalle, L., Meucci, V., and Bertini, S. (2016). Rifaximin is an effective alternative to metronidazole for the treatment of chronic enteropathy in dogs: A randomised trial. BMC Vet. Res., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0851-0"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0026-7","article-title":"Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs and cats","volume":"14","author":"Malewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.04.009","article-title":"Update on immununosuppressive therapies for dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Viviano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.04.005","article-title":"Consensus guidelines of ECCO\/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Ruemmele","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.002","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"39","author":"Bischoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12588","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease versus chronic enteropathy in dogs: Are they one and the same?","volume":"57","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1957.tb59828.x","article-title":"Dietary fibre and toxaemia of pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Howeler","year":"1957","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.07.028","article-title":"A perspective on the complexity of dietary fiber structures and their potential effect on the gut microbiota","volume":"426","author":"Hamaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.008","article-title":"Prebiotics: Definition and protective mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Valcheva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.044","article-title":"Composition, properties and health benefits of indigestible carbohydrate polymers as dietary fiber: A review","volume":"61","author":"Mudgil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620189","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.620189","article-title":"Not All Fibers Are Born Equal; Variable Response to Dietary Fiber Subtypes in IBD","volume":"8","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.06.021","article-title":"Polysaccharide Degradation by the Intestinal Microbiota and Its Influence on Human Health and Disease","volume":"428","author":"Cockburn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01411.x","article-title":"Imbalances in dietary consumption of fatty acids, vegetables, and fruits are associated with risk for crohn\u2019s disease in children","volume":"102","author":"Amre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611400233","article-title":"Diet in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"26","author":"Issa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0111-5","article-title":"Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Maslowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2373-3","article-title":"Dietary patterns and self-reported associations of diet with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"58","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-019-00976-1","article-title":"Diet and inflammatory bowel disease: The Asian Working Group guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Sood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197167","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/197167","article-title":"The role of enteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Current aspects","volume":"2015","author":"Triantafillidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-018-0204-0","article-title":"Exclusive enteral nutrition versus corticosteroids for treatment of pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.74","article-title":"Enteral feeding reduces metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiome in Crohn\u2019s disease: An observational study","volume":"70","author":"Walton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i6.2111","article-title":"Response to strict and liberalized specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Burgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-5","article-title":"An anti-inflammatory diet as treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: A case series report","volume":"13","author":"Olendzki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00451","article-title":"Treatment With Hydrolyzed Diet Supplemented With Prebiotics and Glycosaminoglycans Alters Lipid Metabolism in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"7","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Hand, M.S., and Lewis, L.D. (2010). Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, Mark Morris Institute."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1081\/CUS-120004324","article-title":"Nutraceuticals: The link between nutrition and medicine","volume":"21","author":"Biesalski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113842","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of diosgenin enriched Paris polyphylla rhizome extract of Indian Himalayan landraces","volume":"270","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannucci, C., Casciaro, M., Sorbara, E.E., Calapai, F., Di Salvo, E., Pioggia, G., Navarra, M., Calapai, G., and Gangemi, S. (2021). Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020261"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00005.x","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative therapies and probiotic agents by children attending gastroenterology outpatient clinics","volume":"38","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Z., Liu, H., Yang, C., Zheng, H., Zhang, Y., Su, W., and Shang, J. (2021). Curcumin mediates autophagy and apoptosis in granulosa cells: A study of integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate toxicological mechanisms. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2021.1956941"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho, M.R., Romi, M.D., Ferreira, D.M.T.P., Zaltman, C., and Soares-Mota, M. (2020). The Use of Curcumin as a Complementary Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082296"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9432-8","article-title":"Therapeutic roles of curcumin: Lessons learned from clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.008","article-title":"Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Hanai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2020.1769442","article-title":"Dog food production using curcumin as antioxidant: Effects of intake on animal growth, health and feed conservation","volume":"74","author":"Campigotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9256","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i48.9256","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of curcumin in digestive diseases","volume":"19","author":"Dulbecco","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.07.017","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits the increase of glutamate, hydroxyl radicals and PGE2 in the hypothalamus and reduces fever during LPS-induced systemic inflammation in rabbits","volume":"593","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00747-5","article-title":"Aloe vera (L.) Webb.: Natural Sources of Antioxidants\u2014A Review","volume":"74","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-2858-3-5","article-title":"Antibacterial activities and antioxidant capacity of Aloe vera","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01902.x","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral aloe vera gel for active ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Langmead","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.06.014","article-title":"Ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in pigs and pets in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"148","author":"Lans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41334-1_13","article-title":"Boswellic acids and their role in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"Volume 928","author":"Ammon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"2695","article-title":"Managing ulcerative colitis in remission phase: Usefulness of Casperome\u00ae, an innovative lecithin-based delivery system of Boswellia serrata extract\u2014PubMed","volume":"20","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15802","article-title":"Effects of gum resin of Boswellia serrata in patients with chronic colitis","volume":"67","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.02.001","article-title":"Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Umar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caterino, C., Aragosa, F., della Valle, G., Costanza, D., Lamagna, F., Piscitelli, A., Nieddu, A., and Fatone, G. (2021). Clinical efficacy of Curcuvet and Boswellic acid combined with conventional nutraceutical product: An aid to canine osteoarthritis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252279"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.2004249","article-title":"Preliminary results on the efficacy of a dietary supplement combined with physiotherapy in dogs with osteoarthritis on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Martello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202317316088","article-title":"Wheat grass juice in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Goldin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000128933.46296.0a","article-title":"Nutritional relevance of wheat sprouts containing high levels of organic phosphates and antioxidant compounds","volume":"38","author":"Marsili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madgulkar, A.R., Rao, M.R.P., and Warrier, D. (2015). Characterization of Psyllium (Plantago ovata) Polysaccharide and Its Uses. Polysaccharides, 871\u2013890.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16298-0_49"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101444","article-title":"Efficacy of Plantago major seed in management of ulcerative colitis symptoms: A randomized, placebo controlled, clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Baghizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.872_a.x","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial of Plantago Ovata Seeds (Dietary Fiber) As Compared With Mesalamine in Maintaining Remission in Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"94","author":"Hinojosa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6390","DOI":"10.19082\/6390","article-title":"Plantago major in Traditional Persian Medicine and modern phytotherapy: A narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Najafian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electron. Physician"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.12.012","article-title":"Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the Serpylli herba extract in experimental models of rodent colitis","volume":"8","author":"Algieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"241","article-title":"LC\/PDA\/ESI-MS Profiling and Radical Scavenging Activity of Anthocyanins in Various Berries","volume":"2004","author":"Nakajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.07.010","article-title":"Bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis\u2014An open pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Biedermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.10.005","article-title":"Nutrigenomic activity of plant derived compounds in health and disease: Results of a dietary intervention study in dog","volume":"109","author":"Sgorlon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900943","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900943","article-title":"Camellia sinensis and Litsea coreana Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oz, H.S. (2017). Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenols. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060561"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216654600","article-title":"The Effect of Black Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze) on Pediatrics With Acute Nonbacterial Diarrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Doustfatemeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, S.U., Huang, Y., Zhu, L., Chu, X., Junejo, S.A., Zhang, Y., Khan, I.M., Li, Y., Feng, S., and Wu, J. (2020). Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Vet. Res., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02448-7"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10718097","article-title":"Green tea extract decreases oxidative stress and improves insulin sensitivity in an animal model of insulin resistance, the fructose-fed rat","volume":"28","author":"Benaraba","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Wei, Y., Li, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, R., Li, J., Ma, B., Shao, S., Lv, Z., and Ruan, H. (Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2021). Diosmetin has therapeutic efficacy in colitis regulating gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress via the circ-Sirt1\/Sirt1 axis, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00726-0"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.04.012","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of a pomegranate extract and its metabolite urolithin-A in a colitis rat model and the effect of colon inflammation on phenolic metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Larrosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"3190","article-title":"Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles?","volume":"199","author":"Sadeghsoltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zentrichov\u00e1, V., Pechov\u00e1, A., and Kova\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1, S. (2021). Selenium and Dogs: A Systematic Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020418"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gammoh, N.Z., and Rink, L. (2017). Zinc in infection and inflammation. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201705.0176.v1"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1813047","article-title":"New Insights into the Role of Trace Elements in IBD","volume":"2018","author":"Diaconescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.06.020","article-title":"Intracellular zinc is required for intestinal cell survival signals triggered by the inflammatory cytokine TNF\u03b1","volume":"24","author":"Ranaldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0891-0","article-title":"Evaluation of Serum Trace Element Levels and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translating Basic Research into Clinical Application","volume":"177","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.568","article-title":"Zinc and the modulation of redox homeostasis","volume":"53","author":"Oteiza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90029-T","article-title":"Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-020-01892-0","article-title":"Neutralization of extracellular NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) ameliorates experimental murine colitis","volume":"98","author":"Colombo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2018.25","article-title":"Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: Prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases review-article","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G105","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00405.2015","article-title":"Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance via the regulation of claudin-3 and occludin expression","volume":"311","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14826","article-title":"Zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"87","author":"Chinni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amorim Zafalon, R.V., Perini, M.P., Annibale Vendramini, T.H., Pedrinelli, V., Rentas, M.F., Morilha, I.B., Fiuza Henr\u00edquez, L.B., Consentino Conti, R.M., and Brunetto, M.A. (2021). Vitamin-mineral supplements do not guarantee the minimum recommendations and may imply risks of mercury poisoning in dogs and cats. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250738"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0109","article-title":"Decreased serum zinc concentration in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, and its associations with disease severity and prognosis","volume":"82","author":"Sakai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00418.x","article-title":"The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/118.1.61","article-title":"Site of zinc absorption in dog small intestine","volume":"118","author":"Naveh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-010-8734-x","article-title":"Preparation of selenium\/zinc-enriched probiotics and their effect on blood selenium and zinc concentrations, antioxidant capacities, and intestinal microflora in canine","volume":"141","author":"Ren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160326","article-title":"Zinc supplementation reduces blood ammonia and increases liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity in experimental cirrhosis","volume":"16","author":"Riggio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.04.564","article-title":"Use of zinc acetate to treat copper toxicosis in dogs","volume":"201","author":"Brewer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43126","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43126","article-title":"ZnO nanoparticles act as supportive therapy in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by maintaining gut homeostasis and activating Nrf2 signaling","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"326","article-title":"Safety and Bioavailability in Beagles of Zinc and Vitamin E Combined with Silybin and Phosphatidylcholine","volume":"4","author":"Filburn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A.M., Maia, M.R.G., Fonseca, A.J.M., and Cabrita, A.R.J. (2021). Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11040978"},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"(2021, December 15). Nutritional Guidelines\u2014FEDIAF. Available online: https:\/\/fediaf.org\/self-regulation\/nutrition.html."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7031494","article-title":"A review of dietary selenium intake and selenium status in Europe and the Middle East","volume":"7","author":"Stoffaneller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.12.009","article-title":"Positive Correlation of Fecal Calprotectin With Serum Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accidental Numerical Correlation or a New Finding?","volume":"355","author":"Moein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1039\/c5tx00214a","article-title":"Red wine polyphenol extract efficiently protects intestinal epithelial cells from inflammation via opposite modulation of JAK\/STAT and Nrf2 pathways","volume":"5","author":"Nunes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2013.10.001","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of selenium on lipid peroxidation, hyperlipidemia and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to diazinon","volume":"28","author":"Nasr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8518-3","article-title":"Protective effects of selenium and vitamin E combination on experimental colitis in blood plasma and colon of rats","volume":"136","author":"Bitiren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2019.126435","article-title":"Acute human toxicity and mortality after selenium ingestion: A review","volume":"58","author":"Hadrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810600959626","article-title":"Acute and subchronic toxicity studies on Sel-Plex, a standardized, registered high-selenium yeast","volume":"25","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"101","article-title":"Comparative determination of selenium in the serum of various animal species and humans by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"5","author":"Forrer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0745-5","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into beta-carotene-mediated protection against ulcerative colitis-associated local and systemic damage in mice","volume":"54","author":"Trivedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carazo, A., Mac\u00e1kov\u00e1, K., Matou\u0161ov\u00e1, K., Kr\u010dmov\u00e1, L.K., Protti, M., and Mlad\u011bnka, P. (2021). Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051703"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000128","article-title":"Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs","volume":"108","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7393620","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7393620","article-title":"Meeting the Vitamin A Requirement: The Efficacy and Importance of \u03b2-Carotene in Animal Species","volume":"2016","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5990","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5990","article-title":"Rectal administration of d-alpha tocopherol for active ulcerative colitis: A preliminary report","volume":"14","author":"Mirbagheri","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"264","article-title":"Effect of increasing dietary antioxidants on concentrations of vitamin E and total alkenals in serum of dogs and cats","volume":"1","author":"Jewell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00967","article-title":"Ameliorative Effect of High-Dose Vitamin C Administration on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model","volume":"42","author":"Kondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratajczak, A.E., Szymczak-Tomczak, A., Skrzypczak-Zieli\u0144ska, M., Rychter, A.M., Zawada, A., Dobrowolska, A., and Krela-Ka\u017amierczak, I. (2020). Vitamin C Deficiency and the Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients with an Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082263"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2020.1830108","article-title":"Large animal models for translational research in acute kidney injury","volume":"42","author":"Packialakshmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/7\/812\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:41:25Z","timestamp":1760136085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/7\/812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12070812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12070812","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]}}}