{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:09:21Z","timestamp":1789510161333,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoo and wildlife hospital networks are set to become a vital component of Australia\u2019s contemporary efforts to conserve the iconic and imperiled koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Managed breeding programs held across zoo-based networks typically face high economic costs and can be at risk of adverse genetic effects typical of unavoidably small captive colonies. Emerging evidence suggests that biobanking and associated assisted reproductive technologies could address these economic and genetic challenges. We present a modelled scenario, supported by detailed costings, where these technologies are optimized and could be integrated into conservation breeding programs of koalas across the established zoo and wildlife hospital network. Genetic and economic modelling comparing closed captive koala populations suggest that supplementing them with cryopreserved founder sperm using artificial insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection could substantially reduce inbreeding, lower the required colony sizes of conservation breeding programs, and greatly reduce program costs. Ambitious genetic retention targets (maintaining 90%, 95% and 99% of source population heterozygosity for 100 years) could be possible within realistic cost frameworks, with output koalas suited for wild release. Integrating biobanking into the zoo and wildlife hospital network presents a cost-effective and financially feasible model for the uptake of these tools due to the technical and research expertise, captive koala colonies, and ex situ facilities that already exist across these networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12080990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T02:48:59Z","timestamp":1649731739000},"page":"990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modelling Genetic Benefits and Financial Costs of Integrating Biobanking into the Captive Management of Koalas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lachlan G.","family":"Howell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"},{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0290-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine K.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society, Bradleys Head Rd., Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Frankham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Rodger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7958-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelby A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chad T.","family":"Beranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Clulow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald S.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Port Stephens Koala & Wildlife Preservation Society LTD., t\/a Port Stephens Koala Hospital, One Mile, NSW 2316, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3696-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan R.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biology Building, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"FAUNA Research Alliance, P.O. Box 5092, Kahibah, NSW 2290, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garnett, S., Latch, P., Lindenmayer, D., and Woinarski, J. (2018). 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