{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:56:37Z","timestamp":1788828997026,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"United States Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-6406-4-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6406-4-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In broilers challenged with coccidiosis, effects of in ovo vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) administration on their inflammatory response and small intestine morphology were evaluated. At 18 d of incubation (doi), a 50 \u03bcL volume of the following 5 in ovo injection treatments was administrated: non-injected (1) and diluent injected (2) controls, or diluent injection containing 2.4 \u03bcg D3 (3) or 2.4 \u03bcg 25OHD3 (4), or their combination (5). Four male broilers were randomly allocated to each of eight isolated replicate wire-floored battery cages at hatch, and birds were challenged at 14 d of age (doa) with a 20x live coccidial vaccine dosage. One bird from each treatment\u2013replicate (40 birds in each of 8 replicates per treatment) was bled at 14 and 28 doa in order to collect blood for the determination of plasma IL-1\u03b2 and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. The duodenum, jejunum, and ilium from those same birds were excised for measurement of villus length, crypt depth, villus length to crypt depth ratio (VCR), and villus surface area. In ovo injection of 2.4 \u03bcg of 25OHD3 resulted in a reduction in plasma NO levels as compared to all other treatments at 28 doa. Additionally, duodenal VCR increased in response to the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 when compared to the diluent, D3 alone, and the D3 + 25OHD3 combination treatments at two weeks post-challenge (28 doa). Therefore, it can be concluded that 2.4 \u03bcg of 25OHD3, when administrated in ovo at 18 doi, may be used to decrease the inflammatory reaction as well as to enhance the small intestine morphology of broilers during a coccidiosis challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12081027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T21:44:06Z","timestamp":1649972646000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of the In Ovo Injection of Vitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in Ross 708 Broilers Subsequently Challenged with Coccidiosis: II Immunological and Inflammatory Responses and Small Intestine Histomorphology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0597-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Abolghasem","family":"Fatemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie E. C.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"},{"name":"Poultry Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken S.","family":"Macklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiodun","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar David","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of Eimeria species in broiler chicken farms of different capacities","volume":"220","author":"Pop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0302-9","article-title":"Pathomorphological alterations associated with chicken coccidiosis in Jammu division of India","volume":"39","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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