{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1783163759656,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council","award":["ARC; P02000016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC; P02000016"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Council","award":["DALRRD; P02000170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DALRRD; P02000170"]}]},{"name":"Department of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development","award":["ARC; P02000016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC; P02000016"]}]},{"name":"Department of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development","award":["DALRRD; P02000170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DALRRD; P02000170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the properties of sperm motility and morphology under induced oxidative stress, compare the antioxidant capacity of dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH) following the cryopreservation of Large White boar semen, investigate the ability of cryopreserved Large White boar semen to fertilize the matured gilts oocytes and compare the efficacy of DTT and GSH antioxidants in improving the oocyte fertilization by cryopreserved Large White boar semen. The semen was collected from three Large White boars (ten ejaculates per boar) and transported (37 \u00b0C) to the laboratory. Semen freezing extenders were supplemented with 5 mM DTT, 5 mM GSH and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH. A liquid nitrogen vapor method was used to freeze boar semen. Gilts\u2019 ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and transported (37 \u00b0C) to the laboratory. The slicing method was used to retrieve the oocytes from the ovaries. Fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen were used for in vitro fertilization (IVF). For frozen-thawed semen, four treatments (control, 5 mM DTT, 5 mM GSH, and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH) were used during IVF in order to evaluate the fertilizing ability of the antioxidants. The supplementation of 5 \u00b5M DTT to H2O2-treated semen significantly improved progressive motility (PM) by 14.82%. A combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH treatment reduced percentage of sperm total motility (TM) and rapid motility (RAP) following thawing (p &lt; 0.05). Fresh semen and a combination of 2.5 mM DTT + 2.5 mM GSH treatment recorded a higher percentage of zygotes with polyspermy (p &lt; 0.05). The control treatment numerically recorded a high percentage of zygotes with 1 PN, while the 5 mM DTT treatment recorded a high percentage of zygotes with 2 PN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T12:06:01Z","timestamp":1651147561000},"page":"1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Investigation of the Efficacy of Dithiothreitol and Glutathione on In Vitro Fertilization of Cryopreserved Large White Boar Semen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0767-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahlatsana Ramaesela","family":"Ledwaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masindi Lottus","family":"Mphaphathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamonene Angelinah","family":"Thema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril Mpho","family":"Pilane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshimangadzo Lucky","family":"Nedambale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Germplasm Conservation and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Private Bag X2, Pretoria 0062, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00152-4","article-title":"Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen","volume":"62","author":"Holt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. 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