{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1769358792211,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Raising dual-purpose hens for meat is believed to bring more economic benefits to farmers selling products directly to consumers. The aim of the study was to determine the differences between the carcass features and the digestive system of multipurpose hens and spent broiler breeders. In the experiment, 20 carcasses of 70-week-old Rosa 1 dual-purpose hens and 20 carcasses of 62-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeders were used. Measurements of the length of various sections of the intestine and the diameter of individual intestinal segments were made. During the gutting, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, heart, and spleen were separated and then weighed. Dual-purpose hens differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) from broiler breeders in weight and carcass dimensions. Multipurpose hens were characterized by significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) percentages of breast muscles, leg muscles, skin with subcutaneous fat, wings, and carcass remainders. Broiler breeders were characterized by significantly longer (p &gt; 0.05) total intestinal length, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and terminal intestine. Significant differences were confirmed in terms of the diameter of some segments of the intestine. Broiler breeder hens also had a greater mass of internal organs compared to the dual-purpose layer hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12101320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1653203637000},"page":"1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Carcass Characteristics, Digestive System Traits of Spent Broiler Breeder and Dual-Purpose Hens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karol","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Kokoszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9300-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Production, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Piwczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Influence of breed and heat treatment on the quality of breast muscles of ecologically reared hens after the first year of laying","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"\u017bywn. Nauka Technol. Jako\u015b\u0107"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"770","article-title":"Studies on comparison of carcass composition of spent broiler breeders and commercial broilers","volume":"7","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10806-018-9712-0","article-title":"A Public Survey on Handling Male Chicks in the Dutch Egg Sector","volume":"31","author":"Gremmen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Environ. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2015.3848","article-title":"Carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of the Padovana chicken breed, a commercial line, and their cross","volume":"14","author":"Cassandro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"FAO (2015). The Second Report on the State of the World\u2019s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex389","article-title":"Current Approaches to Avoid the Culling of Day-Old Male Chicks in the Layer Industry, with Special Reference to Spectroscopic Methods","volume":"97","author":"Cramer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey223","article-title":"Performance, behavior, and health of male broilers and laying hens of 2 dual-purpose chicken genotypes","volume":"97","author":"Lambertz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"172","article-title":"Carcass Characteristics and Physical Meat Quality Properties of Spent Broiler Breeder Hens and Commercial Spent Layer Hens","volume":"10","author":"Petek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harran \u00dcniv. Vet. Fak. Derg."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Welfare Quality (2022, May 05). Assessment Protocol for Poultry (Broilers, Laying Hens). Available online: https:\/\/www.welfarequalitynetwork.net\/media\/1019\/poultry_protocol.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siekmann, L., Meier-Dinkel, L., Janisch, S., Altmann, B., Kaltwasser, C., S\u00fcrie, C., and Krischek, C. (2018). Carcass quality, meat quality and sensory properties of the dual-purpose chicken Lohmann dual. Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7100156"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"4","article-title":"Economics of dual-purpose breeds- a comparison of meat and egg production using dual purpose breeds versus conventional broiler and layer strains","volume":"50","author":"Damme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lohmann Info."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey172","article-title":"Carcass and meat quality of dual-purpose chickens (Lohmann Dual, Belgian Malines, Schweizerhuhn) in comparison to broiler and layer chicken types","volume":"97","author":"Mueller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2014-0082","article-title":"Effect of breed and production system on physicochemical characteristics of meat from multi-purpose hens","volume":"15","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammersh\u00f8j, M., Kristiansen, G.H., and Steenfeldt, S. (2021). Dual-purpose poultry in organic production and effects on egg quality parameters. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040897"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10806-019-09806-y","article-title":"Ethical concerns in poultry production: A German consumer survey about dual purpose chickens","volume":"32","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Environ. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105748","article-title":"Ethical Issues in Poultry Production-Datasets from a German Consumer Survey","volume":"31","author":"Busse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"390","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 perspective on dual-purpose chickens as alternative to the killing of day-old chicks","volume":"9","author":"Rovers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sys. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2789-z","article-title":"Determinants of broiler chicken meat quality and factors affecting them: A review","volume":"54","author":"Mir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco, D., Rois, D., Arias, A., Justo, J.R., Marti-Quijal, F.J., Khubber, S., Barba, F.J., L\u00f3pez-Pedrouso, M., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2020). Effect of breed and diet type on the freshness and quality of the eggs: A comparison between Mos (indigenous Galician breed) and Isa brown hens. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9030342"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3923\/ajft.2016.134.142","article-title":"A comparison of the carcass and meat quality of ISA (F15) spent hens slaughtered at two different ages","volume":"11","author":"Hafid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Langenfeld, M.S. (1992). Chicken Anatomy, PWN Krak\u00f3w."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"695","article-title":"Body Morphometry and Development of the Digestive System of Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix) Depending on Age and Gender","volume":"18","author":"Biegniewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201584020153","article-title":"Structure of the digestive system of ducks depending on sex and genetic background","volume":"84","author":"Wasilewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Brno"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101269","article-title":"Basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broiler chickens as influenced by age","volume":"100","author":"Barua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.1.75","article-title":"Posthatch development of mucosal function in the broiler small intestine","volume":"77","author":"Uni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2014-00937","article-title":"Function of the digestive system","volume":"23","author":"Svihus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933911000249","article-title":"The gizzard: Function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability","volume":"67","author":"Svihus","year":"2011","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.010","article-title":"Effects of processing of wheat or oat starch on technical pellet quality and nutritional value for broilers","volume":"149","author":"Zimonja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2022, May 16). Nutrition and Feed Management for Ross 308 AP Parent Stock in North America\u2014Ross Note. Available online: https:\/\/en.aviagen.com\/assets\/Tech_Center\/Ross_Tech_Articles\/RossNote-Ross308AP-FeedandNutrition-2020-EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Zio\u0142ecki, J., and Doruchowski, W. (1989). Evaluation Methods of Poultry Slaughter Values, Poultry Research Center. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. (2014). SAS\/STAT User\u2019s Guide, SAS Institute Inc.. Version 9.4."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"647","article-title":"Effects of sex on carcass composition and physicochemical, textural and rheological properties of meat from grey partridge","volume":"51","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2014-0028","article-title":"Influence of origin of laying hens on the quality of their carcasses and meat after the first laying period","volume":"14","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2021-0036","article-title":"Effect of breed and diet on carcass parameters and meat quality of spent hens","volume":"22","author":"Pateiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.1.128","article-title":"Effect of genotype on slaughtering performance and meat physical and sensory characteristics of organic laying hens","volume":"86","author":"Rizzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshamy, Z., Richardson, K.C., H\u00fcnigen, H., Hafez, H.M., Plendl, J., and Al Masri, S. (2018). Comparison of the gastrointestinal tract of a dual-purpose to a broiler chicken line: A qualitative and quantitative macroscopic and microscopic study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204921"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokoszy\u0144ski, D., St\u0119czny, K., \u017bochowska-Kujawska, J., Sobczak, M., Kotowicz, M., Saleh, M., Fik, M., Arp\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1, H., Hrn\u010d\u00e1r, C., and W\u0142odarczyk, K. (2020). Carcass Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties, and Texture and Microstructure of the Meat and Internal Organs of Carrier and King Pigeons. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081315"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120073151","article-title":"Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development","volume":"42","author":"Iji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evaluation of carcass, organ and organoleptic properties of spent layers of different poultry types","volume":"9","author":"Akinwumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bots. J. Agric. Appl. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/10\/1320\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:21Z","timestamp":1760138181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/10\/1320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12101320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12101320","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]}}}