{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:30:45Z","timestamp":1792387845507,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)","award":["IQ-TranS: 16KN077341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IQ-TranS: 16KN077341"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the modern pig reproduction system, artificial insemination (AI) doses are delivered from AI centers to sow farms via logistics vehicles. In this study, six breeding companies in three countries (Brazil, Germany, and the USA) were interviewed about their delivery process. It was found that there is currently no comprehensive monitoring system for the delivery of semen. The entire process \u201cshipping of boar semen\u201d was documented using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). Although it is not currently known which vibrations occur at all, it is suspected that vibration emissions affect the quality of boar semen. For this reason, a prototype of a measuring system was developed to calculate a displacement index (Di), representing vibration intensities. Vibrations were analyzed in standardized road trials (n = 120) on several road types (A: smooth asphalt pavement, B: rough asphalt pavement, C: cobblestone, and D: dirt road) with different speeds (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 km\/h). A two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in mean Di, depending on road surface and speed as well as an interaction of both factors (p &lt; 0.001). A field study on a reference delivery from a German AI center to several sow farms indicated that 33% of the observed roads are in good quality and generate only a few vibrations (Di \u2264 1), while 40% are of a moderate quality with interrupted surfaces (Di = 1\u20131.5). However, 25% of the roads show markedly increased vibrations (Di \u2265 1.5), as a consequence of bad conditions on cobblestones or unpaved roads. Overall, more attention should be paid to factors affecting sperm quality during transport. In the future, an Internet of Things (IoT) based solution could enable complete monitoring of the entire transport process in real time, which could influence the courier\u2019s driving behavior based on road conditions in order to maintain the quality of the transported AI doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12101331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T22:57:22Z","timestamp":1653346642000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Boar Semen Shipping for Artificial Insemination: Current Status and Analysis of Transport Conditions with a Major Focus on Vibration Emissions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Hafemeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"},{"name":"IFN Sch\u00f6now GmbH, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Campus Wilhelminenhof, University of Applied Science, D-10313 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Bortfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Simmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minit\u00fcb GmbH, D-84184 Tiefenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"},{"name":"IFN Sch\u00f6now GmbH, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Fuchs-Kittowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Campus Wilhelminenhof, University of Applied Science, D-10313 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Sch\u00f6now, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"},{"name":"IFN Sch\u00f6now GmbH, D-16321 Bernau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.07.009","article-title":"Artificial insemination in pigs today","volume":"85","author":"Knox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.05.042","article-title":"New trends in production management in European pig AI centers","volume":"137","author":"Schulze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Rozeboom, K.J. 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