{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T02:51:31Z","timestamp":1761101491197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ01671302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01671302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>cd26 is ubiquitously distributed in the body, particularly in the endothelial and epithelial cells, with the highest expression in the kidney, liver, and small intestine. In humans, cd26 serves as a marker for the embryo implantation phase. However, little is known about the role of cd26 in porcine pre-implantation embryo development. Here, we aimed to examine siRNA-induced cd26 downregulation in the cytoplasm of MII oocytes, to determine whether cd26 is involved in the regulation of porcine pre-implantation embryonic development. The cd26 siRNA was micro-injected into the cytoplasm of MII oocytes, which were then parthenogenetically activated electrically in a medium containing 0.3M Mannitol. Inhibition of the cd26 expression did not affect cleavage but stopped development in the blastocyst stage. Additionally, the cd26 siRNA-treated blastocysts had significantly more apoptotic cells than the untreated blastocysts. Among the 579 transcripts evaluated with transcriptome resequencing, 38 genes were differentially expressed between the treatment and control blastocysts (p &lt; 0.05). Twenty-four genes were upregulated in cd26 siRNA-injected blastocysts, whereas 14 were downregulated. These genes are involved in apoptosis, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and aberrant expression of ribosomal protein genes. Our results indicate that cd26 is required for proper porcine parthenogenetic activation during embryonic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T23:59:22Z","timestamp":1656460762000},"page":"1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["cd26 Knockdown Negatively Affects Porcine Parthenogenetic Preimplantation Embryo Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2949-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Sul","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea"},{"name":"Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joohyun","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju 28158, Chungbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keon Bong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haesun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Ryung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1088","article-title":"A commentary on domestic animals as dual-purpose models that benefit agricultural and biomedical research","volume":"86","author":"Ireland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm030783","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030783","article-title":"Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease","volume":"11","author":"Perleberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21333","article-title":"Genetic modifications of pigs for medicine and agriculture","volume":"78","author":"Whyte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.02.001","article-title":"In vitro production of small ruminant embryos: Late improvements and further research","volume":"81","author":"Panneau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2018.07.001","article-title":"The production of pig preimplantation embryos in vitro: Current progress and future prospects","volume":"18","author":"Fowler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0774-5","article-title":"Blastocyst culture using single versus sequential media in clinical IVF: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Sfontouris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex330","article-title":"Antioxidants improve IVF outcome and subsequent embryo development in the mouse","volume":"32","author":"Truong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13260","article-title":"Gene expression analysis and in vitro production procedures for bovine preimplantation embryos: Past highlights, present concepts and future prospects","volume":"53","author":"Wrenzycki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.1.112","article-title":"Birth of piglets derived from porcine zygotes cultured in a chemically defined medium","volume":"66","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"319","article-title":"Effects of CD26 in parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Embryo Transf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577838","article-title":"A new dipeptide naphthylamidase hydrolyzing glycyl-prolyl-beta-naphthylamide","volume":"7","author":"Glenner","year":"1966","journal-title":"Histochemie"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5","article-title":"The incretin system: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes","volume":"368","author":"Drucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0107-1","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1: From extract to agent. The Claude Bernard Lecture, 2005","volume":"49","author":"Holst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017420.x","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of liver disease: An approach to hepatic inflammation, cirrhosis and liver transplant tolerance","volume":"174","author":"McCaughan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/44.5.8627002","article-title":"Organ distribution of aminopeptidase A and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in normal mice","volume":"44","author":"Mentzel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-9335-00302","article-title":"The multifunctional or moonlighting protein CD26\/DPPIV","volume":"82","author":"Boonacker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020038","article-title":"Involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in extravillous trophoblast invasion and differentiation","volume":"87","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal019","article-title":"Possible involvement of crosstalk cell-adhesion mechanism by endometrial CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV and embryonal fibronectin in human blastocyst implantation","volume":"12","author":"Shimomura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2001.00901.x","article-title":"Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) activity abrogates stress-induced, cytokine-mediated murine abortions","volume":"53","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13430","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13430","article-title":"Low expression of mitofusin 1 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos","volume":"91","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.086884","article-title":"Transcript profiling of individual twin blastomeres derived by splitting two-cell stage murine embryos","volume":"84","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66387","article-title":"Giant axonal neuropathy-associasted gigaxonin mutations impair intermediate filament protein degradation","volume":"123","author":"Mahammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.12.033","article-title":"Identification of RELT homologues that associate with RELT and are phosphorylated by OSR1","volume":"340","author":"Cusick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.12.007","article-title":"Early embryonic and endometrial regulation of tumor necrosis factor and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in the cattle uterus","volume":"83","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjv014","article-title":"Ribosomal proteins: Functions beyond the ribosome","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.03.024","article-title":"Diverse diseases from a ubiquitous process: The ribosomopathy paradox","volume":"588","author":"Armistead","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-178129","article-title":"Ribosomopathies:human disorders of ribosome dysfunction","volume":"115","author":"Narla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"116977","article-title":"Alterations in eukaryotic elongation factor complex proteins (EEF1s) in cancer and their implications in epigenetic regulation","volume":"238","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4236\/ojapo.2014.33006","article-title":"Clomiphene citrate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in mammalian oocytes","volume":"3","author":"Chaube","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open J. Apoptosis"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/13\/1662\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:39:38Z","timestamp":1760139578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/13\/1662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12131662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12131662","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}