{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:18:52Z","timestamp":1768285132137,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government (Spain)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied the effect of pre-natal supplementation with n-3 \u03b1-linolenic acid (ALA) combined with a tannin-rich forage on colostrum composition and immunological quality and whether these changes had advantageous effects on lambs\u2019 survival and stress reaction to a post-weaning stressor. Forty-eight Latxa ewes were fed during the last five weeks of pregnancy with two experimental diets: a control diet based on a neutral concentrate and forage (tall fescue hay; CO-FES), and a supplemented diet based on polyunsaturated (PUFA)-rich concentrate and tanniferous forage (sainfoin; ALA-SAIN). After parturition, twenty ewes had their blood and colostrum sampled, and their lambs were monitored until post-weaning. Lambs were afterwards subjected to (i) an aversive handling period (AHP) followed by a behavioral assessment and (ii) inflammatory and lymphocyte proliferation challenge. Feeding ALA-SAIN resulted in changes in colostrum fatty acid composition, specifically higher \u03b1-linoleic acid (p &lt; 0.001), conjugate linoleic acid (p = 0.005), vaccenic acid (p = 0.006) and long-chain n-3 PUFA (p = 0.004). Pre-partum nutrition did not affect lamb immunoglobulin (Ig) G apparent efficacy absorption, but circulating IgG tended to be higher (p = 0.054) in ALA-SAIN lambs. ALA-SAIN lambs interacted more frequently with other lambs (p = 0.002), whereas ALA-SAIN females spent more time closer to other lambs (p &lt; 0.001). Plasma cortisol was higher (p = 0.047) and plasma interleukin (IL)-2 lower (p = 0.003) in CO-FES lambs. This research highlights the importance of prenatal nutrition on the immune system stimulation and lambs\u2019 behavior as a strategy to improve lambs\u2019 health and welfare during early life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12141780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T21:57:53Z","timestamp":1657576673000},"page":"1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-Partum Supplementation with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colostrum Characteristics and Lamb Immunity and Behavior after a Mild Post-Weaning Aversive Handling Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Aver\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6557-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itsasne","family":"Granado-Tajada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josune","family":"Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacia","family":"Beltr\u00e1n de Heredia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias Mabegondo, Carretera de Betanzos a Mes\u00f3n do Vento Km. 7,5, Abegondo, 15318 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5519-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aser","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Atxaerandio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, BRTA-Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s\/n 01192, 01192 Arkaute, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10198","article-title":"Stress, immunity, and the management of calves","volume":"99","author":"Hulbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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