{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1774610272071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-1207-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-1207-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium is a worldwide enteric protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal infection in animals, including humans. The most notable species is Cryptosporidium parvum because of its zoonotic importance; it is also the leading cause of cryptosporidiosis in preweaned calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection, investigate the potential risk factors, and use molecular diagnosis to identify the predominant Cryptosporidium spp. in preweaned calves in Kuwait. Of 175 preweaned calves, Cryptosporidium antigens were detected in 58 (33.1%) using rapid lateral immunochromatography assay (IC). Calves less than one month of age (OR = 4.32, p = 0.0001) and poor hygiene (OR = 2.85, p = 0.0075) were identified as significant risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. Molecular identification revealed that C. parvum (62.8%) was the dominant species infecting preweaned calves in Kuwait. In contrast, C. bovis and C. andersoni were recorded at 5.7% and 2.9%, respectively. All C. parvum gp60 nucleotide sequences were subtype IIaA15G2R1. Calves could be a source of C. parvum infection due to the similarity of the subtypes recorded previously in Kuwaiti children and preweaned calves in this study. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the Cryptosporidium transmission cycle in Kuwait.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12141805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1657844230000},"page":"1805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epidemiological and Molecular Study of Cryptosporidium in Preweaned Calves in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qais A. H.","family":"Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, Aridyia, Farwanyia 23167, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha S.","family":"AlAzemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, Aridyia, Farwanyia 23167, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed T.","family":"Al-Sayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Science, College of Basic Education, PAAET, Aridyia, Farwanyia 23167, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9837-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadra-Elwgoud M. I.","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Warning Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases-Gulf Cooperation Council, PAAFR, 1307 Safat, Rabyia, Farwanyia 21422, Kuwait"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: An update","volume":"124","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04764.x","article-title":"Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in the UK\u2014Challenges for control","volume":"109","author":"Chalmers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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