{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1794049876474,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.503161\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.503161\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clostridium perfringens is the etiological agent of NE, a disease that greatly affects the poultry industry. Experiments on the induction of NE are difficult to carry out, as it is a multifactorial disease, and thus different predisposing factors have been used. This study evaluated the effect of the Gumboro disease vaccine virus vaccine (IBDV-vac) associated or not with infection by Eimeria spp. in broilers, as a predisposing factor for NE. Broilers (n = 99) were divided into groups (11) challenged with IBDV-vac, Eimeria spp. CP type G (CP13, CP14 and CP03) or both. The macroscopic evaluation revealed that the highest average (3.45) of injury occurred for the CP13 + IBDV-vac group. The microscopic analysis showed that Eimeria spp. increased the population of intraepithelial lymphocytes and reduced the villus\/crypt ratio in duodenum and jejunum when associated with CP13 or CP14. There was a synergistic effect between the CP strain used and the predisposing factors; nevertheless, it was not clear which was the most effective predisposing factor to potentiate the lesions, suggesting that the association of the strain with the factors should first be evaluated for each experimental protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T12:53:45Z","timestamp":1658494425000},"page":"1880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Predisposing Factors of Necrotic Enteritis in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Justino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ornithopathology, Department of the of Veterinary Clinic, Center for Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana A. S.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielen de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00edsa F.","family":"Menck-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara G.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudineia E.","family":"Cicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P. F. R. L.","family":"Bracarense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Zootechny, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-9841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano S.","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ornithopathology, Department of the of Veterinary Clinic, Center for Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael L.","family":"Andreatti Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ornithopathology, Department of the of Veterinary Clinic, Center for Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1166857","article-title":"Recent Breakthroughs Have Unveiled the Many Knowledge Gaps in Clostridium perfringens-Associated Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens: The First International Conference on Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry","volume":"45","author":"Lyhs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, May 20). 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