{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:13:30Z","timestamp":1760148810305,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the armed conflict in Colombia, homemade improvised antipersonnel landmines were used to neutralize the adversary. Many active artifacts remain buried, causing damage to biodiversity by exploding. The extensive literature describes the effects and injuries caused to humans by conventional landmines. However, there is considerably less information on the behavior and effects of homemade antipersonnel landmines on fauna and good field investigation practices. Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of a controlled explosion of a homemade antipersonnel landmine (using ammonium nitrate as an explosive substance), to compare the effectiveness of some evidence search patterns used in forensic investigation, and to determine the effects on a piece of an animal carcass. The explosion generated a shock wave and an exothermic reaction, generating physical effects on the ground and surrounding structures near the point of explosion. The amputation of the foot in direct contact with the device during the explosion and multiple fractures were the main effects on the animal carcass. Finally, it was determined that finding evidence was more effective in a smaller search area. Many factors can influence the results, which must be weighed when interpreting the results, as discussed in this manuscript.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T21:49:02Z","timestamp":1659304142000},"page":"1938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Preliminary Considerations for Crime Scene Analysis in Cases of Animals Affected by Homemade Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder Anti-Personnel Landmines in Colombia: Characteristics and Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carlos Jaramillo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Criminal Investigation Program, Law School, University of Medell\u00edn, Carrera 87 #30-65, Medell\u00edn 050026, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Far\u00edas","family":"Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Physiopathology and Toxicology Laboratory, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, 88.208-08 Cas. 2 Co. 15, La Pintana 6640022, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kre\u0161imir","family":"Severin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and State Veterinary Medicine, ForesicLAB, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ubicelio Martin","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomic Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Autonomous University of Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Av. Benjamin Franklin No. 4650, Zona PRONAF, Ciudad de Ju\u00e1rez 32315, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar Mar\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s\/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor Toledo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINQUIFOR Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid\u2013Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcal\u00e1, Colegio M\u00e1ximo de Jesuitas, Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12935","article-title":"Need for conservation planning in postconflict Colombia","volume":"31","author":"Negret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.05.007","article-title":"Land related grievances shape tropical forest-cover in areas affected by armed-conflict","volume":"85","author":"Mertz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. 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