{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:12:51Z","timestamp":1776867171181,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Quimidroga S.A."},{"name":"HealthTech Bio Actives S.L.U"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred and forty-six bulls (178.2 \u00b1 6.64 kg BW and 146.0 \u00b1 0.60 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of eight pens and assigned to control (C) or citrus flavonoid (BF) treatments (Citrus aurantium, Bioflavex CA, HTBA, S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain, 0.4 kg per ton of Bioflavex CA). At the finishing phase, the dietary fat content of the concentrate was increased (58 to 84 g\/kg DM). Concentrate intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior by visual scan, fortnightly. After 168 d, bulls were slaughtered, carcass data were recorded, and rumen and duodenum epithelium samples were collected. Performance data were not affected by treatment, except for the growing phase where concentrate intake (p &lt; 0.05) was lesser in the BF compared with the C bulls. Agonistic and sexual behaviors were more frequent (p &lt; 0.01) in the C than in the BF bulls. In the rumen epithelium, in contrast to duodenum, gene expression of some bitter taste receptors (7, 16, 39) and other genes related to behavior and inflammation was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the BF compared with the C bulls. Supplementing citrus flavonoids in high-fat finishing diets to Holstein bulls reduces growing concentrate consumption and improves animal welfare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T20:52:01Z","timestamp":1659559921000},"page":"1972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Supplementing Citrus aurantium Flavonoid Extract in High-Fat Finishing Diets Improves Animal Behavior and Rumen Health and Modifies Rumen and Duodenum Epithelium Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8126-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries), Torre, Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Quimidroga S.A., 08006 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier Francisco","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthTech Bio Actives, S.L.U., 08029 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ar\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries), Torre, Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Devant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries), Torre, Marimon, Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00235-1","article-title":"Advances in flavonoid research since 1992","volume":"55","author":"Harborne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.010","article-title":"Effects of flavonoids extracted from Citrus aurantium on performance, eating and animal behavior, rumen health, and carcass quality in Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets","volume":"246","author":"Paniagua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. 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