{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:53:42Z","timestamp":1785578022900,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA217376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA217376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State of Utah","award":["U54CA217376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA217376"]}]},{"name":"Hyundai Hope on Wheels","award":["U54CA217376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA217376"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive tumors can impact conception, pregnancy, and birth in mammals. These impacts are well documented in humans, while data in other mammals are limited. An urgent need exists to understand the reproductive impact of these lesions in endangered species, because some endangered species have a documented high prevalence of reproductive tumors. This article documents that the prevalence of both benign and malignant neoplasia differs between African and Asian elephants, with Asian elephants more frequently diagnosed and negatively affected by both. The prevalence of these tumors across mammalian species is compared, and impact plus treatment options in human medicine are reviewed to inform decision making in elephants. Evidence suggests that reproductive tumors can negatively impact elephant conservation. Future studies that document reproductive outcomes, including the success of various treatment approaches in elephants with tumors will benefit conservation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12152005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T21:09:18Z","timestamp":1659992958000},"page":"2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Of Elephants and Other Mammals: A Comparative Review of Reproductive Tumors and Potential Impact on Conservation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Abegglen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"},{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"},{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneke","family":"Moresco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, CO 80465, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared S.","family":"Fowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2212-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigid V.","family":"Troan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy K.","family":"Kiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"White Oak Conservation Foundation, Yulee, FL 32097, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, William H. Darr College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65809, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Boddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"},{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6968-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"},{"name":"Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Peel Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gobush, K.S., Edwards, C.T.T., Maisels, F., Wittemyer, G., Balfour, D., and Taylor, R.D. 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