{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:55:44Z","timestamp":1760237744481,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Penn Vet Rosenthal Shelter Medicine Student Research Fellowship"},{"name":"Bernice Barbour Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the Felidae family are the definitive host of the ubiquitous zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Few studies have been conducted to determine the epidemiology of T. gondii in domestic felines within animal shelter populations. The goal of this study was to assess seroprevalence in a limited-admission shelter in the greater Philadelphia area. Serum samples were collected from cats at a shelter in Media, Pennsylvania during the summer of 2018 to assess the proportion of the population that was IgM or IgG seropositive for antibodies against T. gondii, using a commercially available ELISA. Out of the 84 cats that were sampled, 24 cats were seropositive, giving a population prevalence of 28.6%. Nine cats were seropositive for IgM, nine were seropositive for IgG, and six were seropositive for both IgM and IgG. Based on our data, we found that a large percentage of this population was seronegative. Although the sample size in this study was limited and prevented us from obtaining statistically significant results, this research can serve as a pilot study for further investigations into the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among shelter-housed felines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T02:42:53Z","timestamp":1660099373000},"page":"2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among Shelter-Housed Felines in a Philadelphia Suburb"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Danni J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5348-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea L.","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2014New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19348, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7999-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: Epidemiology, feline clinical aspects, and prevention","volume":"26","author":"Elmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","article-title":"History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.11.007","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: One organism, multiple models","volume":"33","author":"Szabo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200030","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis\u2014An update and review of the literature","volume":"104","author":"Commodaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Dubey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1086\/595793","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis and reinfection during pregnancy: Case report, strain characterization, experimental model of reinfection, and review","volume":"199","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.02.005","article-title":"Type X Toxoplasma gondii in a wild mussel and terrestrial carnivores from coastal California: New linkages between terrestrial mammals, runoff and toxoplasmosis of sea otters","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey, J.P. (2021). Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, CRC Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003199373"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1933.1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Bartonella spp. antibodies in cats from Pennsylvania","volume":"95","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: Transmission, diagnosis and prevention","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1580","article-title":"Diagnosis of recent Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M","volume":"50","author":"Lappin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03137.x","article-title":"Comparison of latex agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and ELISA techniques for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in the serum of cats","volume":"5","author":"Lappin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. 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