{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:46:43Z","timestamp":1783694803952,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador","award":["PROY_INV_BIOTAGRO_003_2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROY_INV_BIOTAGRO_003_2020"]}]},{"name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador","award":["PROY_INV_BIOTAGRO_006_2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROY_INV_BIOTAGRO_006_2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium and Eimeria cause severe impacts on the productivity of goat herds. The objectives of the present study were to establish the prevalence of these apicomplexans in goat farms from Ecuador; to evaluate a rapid test for Cryptosporidium diagnosis and to identify the risk factors associated with the infections. A questionnaire was designed to obtain information from 24 goat farms from Zapotillo, Garza Real, Cazaderos, Limones and Paletillas parishes in Ecuador. Blood (n = 388) and feces (n = 391) samples were collected. Indirect ELISA and standard parasitological assays were carried out to evaluate the seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii and to detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria. The overall prevalence values of N. caninum and T. gondii were 12.11% and 18.20%, Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 10.49% and 89.51% of the total samples. A low correlation value was found between the results obtained by Ziehl-Nielsen and the rapid test. The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin supplementation, age of diarrhea, frequency of deworming, pasture area, presence of artiodactyls, domestic fowl, administration of sulfas, age group, body condition, abortions, type of pastures and the presence of cattle were risk factors according to the parasite species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Apicomplexans in Goat: Prevalence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp. and Risk Factors in Farms from Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Celi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Maestr\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s\/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6538-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s\/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3147-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Rey-Valeir\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Parasitolog\u00eda Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Coro 4101, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C.H., Margulis, L., Melkonian, M., Chapman, D.J., and Corliss, J.O. 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