{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:54:07Z","timestamp":1785444847930,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project","award":["2020R01015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R01015"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project","award":["2021Y30004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y30004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project","award":["2021C02008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02008"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project","award":["202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202109"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project","award":["2020R01015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R01015"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project","award":["2021Y30004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y30004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project","award":["2021C02008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02008"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project","award":["202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202109"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020R01015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R01015"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021Y30004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y30004"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021C02008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02008"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202109"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province","award":["2020R01015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R01015"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province","award":["2021Y30004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y30004"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province","award":["2021C02008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C02008"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province","award":["202109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Garlic powder (GP) has the outstanding antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-parasitic and antioxidant characteristics because of its various contained bioactive components, such as alliin, allicin, and polysaccharide, etc. It has been widely used as a native medicine and shown to prevent a variety of diseases. This research was performed to determine the positive effects of GP on growth and intestinal function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers of similar initial body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 8 replicates per treatment and 15 chicks each replicate. LPS challenge enhanced the weight loss rate, decreased the immunity and antioxidant capability, increased the intestinal permeability in broilers. When compared with LPS group, broilers fed with GP exhibited improved weight loss rate and jejunum villus height, enhanced ileum antioxidant function, and ameliorated intestinal barrier function. The LPS-challenged broilers in GP group had higher immunity than that of broilers in antibiotics group. GP supplementation could act as a natural alternative to antibiotic additive to alleviate the LPS-induced weight loss rate, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress in broilers by improving the immunity and intestinal function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1662410905000},"page":"2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dietary Garlic Powder Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress through Regulating the Immunity and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinglei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252316000207","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: A review","volume":"18","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12494","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance from animal manures to soil: A review","volume":"69","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"29","article-title":"No 1831\/2003 of the European Parliament and Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","volume":"268","author":"Regulation","year":"2003","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115147","article-title":"Antibiotics in soil and water in China\u2014A systematic review and source analysis","volume":"266","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, R., Xiang, H., Cheng, L., Zhao, C., Wang, F., Zhao, X., and Fang, Y. (2019). Effects of feeding garlic powder on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030102"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520001403","article-title":"Effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Sangouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12295","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04773","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of jinxiang garlic (Allium sativum L.) polysaccharides toward dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis","volume":"68","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.20.0140","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic powder and phenyl acetic acid on productive performance, blood haematology, immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens","volume":"34","author":"Ismail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2015-0052","article-title":"The effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on growth performance, mortality rate, meat and blood parameters in broilers","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v85i1.46184","article-title":"Effect of sun dried whole bulb garlic powder on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of commercial broilers","volume":"85","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology","volume":"3","author":"Saeid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3790","article-title":"Effects of garlic powder on growth performance, antioxidant ability, immunity and intestinal morphology of broilers","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111072","article-title":"Changes in intestinal barrier functions and gut microbiota in rats exposed to zearalenone","volume":"204","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2011.578121","article-title":"Sodium butyrate maintains growth performance by regulating the immune response in broiler chickens","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"115","article-title":"Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide; structure, function and its role in immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"52","author":"Sampath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27261","article-title":"Inhibition of glycolysis alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model","volume":"234","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02438C","article-title":"Lentinan modulates intestinal microbiota and enhances barrier integrity in a piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa311","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa311","article-title":"Dietary taurine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chickens at an early age","volume":"98","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759323","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.759323","article-title":"Integrating serum metabolome and gut microbiome to evaluate the benefits of lauric acid on lipopolysaccharide\u2014Challenged broilers","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003863","article-title":"Dietary l-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens","volume":"111","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02404J","article-title":"Fermented ginseng attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by activating the TLR4\/MAPK signaling pathway and remediating gut barrier","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.21887\/ijvsbt.15.1.16","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) powder on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers","volume":"15","author":"Makwana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Veter. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.1.475-480.2001","article-title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Garlic Oil against Human Enteric Bacteria: Evaluation of Methodologies and Comparisons with Garlic Oil Sulfides and Garlic Powder","volume":"67","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.011","article-title":"Effect of yeast cell wall powder with different particle sizes on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immunity and oxidative status of broilers","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2017.1360254","article-title":"Effects of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance, blood immune parameters, and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101199","article-title":"Evaluation of serum antioxidative status, immune status and intestinal condition of Linwu duck challenged by lipopolysaccharide with various dosages and replications","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01856","article-title":"Allicin alleviates reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced immunosuppression via ERK\/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in specific pathogen-free chickens","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2010.00798.x","article-title":"Modulatory effects of two levels of dietary alliums on immune response and certain immunological variables, following immunization, in white leghorn chickens","volume":"81","author":"Hanieh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112566","article-title":"Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress of broilers via Nrf2\/keap1 and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"223","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.07.001","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation alleviates immunological stress and intestinal damage in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers","volume":"208","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101962","article-title":"Trans-anethole ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver inflammation in broilers via inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"101","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey532","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of leonurine hydrochloride after lipopolysaccharide challenge in broiler chicks","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15559","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04993-7","article-title":"Protective effects of garlic extract against hematological alterations, immunosuppression, hepatic oxidative stress, and renal damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rats","volume":"26","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.12.063","article-title":"Effects of ammonia exposure on growth performance and cytokines in the serum, trachea, and ileum of broilers","volume":"99","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakatur, I., Miskulin, M., Pavic, M., Marjanovic, K., Blazicevic, V., Miskulin, I., and Domacinovic, M. (2019). Intestinal morphology in broiler chickens supplemented with propolis and bee pollen. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060301"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2019.06.001","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber and threonine on performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses in broiler chickens","volume":"5","author":"Saadatmand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02280","article-title":"Garlic derivative propyl propane thiosulfonate is effective against broiler enteropathogens in vivo","volume":"91","author":"Peinado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v87i2.67722","article-title":"Effect of sun dried whole bulb garlic powder on nutrient utilization, blood parameters, duodenum morphology and faecal microbial load in broiler chickens","volume":"87","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01873-7","article-title":"27-hydroxycholesterol contributes to cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice through microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey123","article-title":"Glutamine alleviates heat stress-induced impairment of intestinal morphology, intestinal inflammatory response, and barrier integrity in broilers","volume":"97","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.03.006","article-title":"Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 2. Inositol phosphate esters hydrolysis, intestinal permeability, hematology, jejunal gene expression and intestinal morphology","volume":"6","author":"Zanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2020.1865845","article-title":"Combination of Lactobacillus species and yeast ameliorates adverse effect of deoxynivalenol contaminated diet on immune system, gut morphology and jejunal gene expression in broiler chickens","volume":"20","author":"Azizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00060","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: Potential challenges and interventions","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Veter. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surai, P.F., Kochish, I.I., Fisinin, V.I., and Kidd, M.T. (2019). Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: An update. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070235"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"11449","article-title":"Oxidative stress parameters and their correlation with clinical, metabolic and polysomnographic parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Asker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"287","article-title":"First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid","volume":"54","author":"Ighodaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.9.205","article-title":"The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: Allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin, and allyl disulfide","volume":"9","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1159\/000081198","article-title":"Influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and the liver in high-fat-fed rats","volume":"48","author":"Kempaiah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera-Gomis, J., Rubio, C.P., Conesa, C.M., Salaverri, J.O., Cer\u00f3n, J.J., Tortosa, D.E., and Pablo, M.J.C. (2020). Effects of dietary supplementation of garlic and oregano essential oil on biomarkers of oxidative status, stress and inflammation in postweaning piglets. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112093"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/17\/2281\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:22:45Z","timestamp":1760142165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/17\/2281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12172281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12172281","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]}}}