{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:40:32Z","timestamp":1774633232574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8405\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8405\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was carried out to determine the optimal inclusion rate of palm kernel cake (PKC) in diets for lactating goats based on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and nitrogen metabolism. Twelve goats were used, eight Saanen and four Anglo Nubian, with a body weight of 46.0 \u00b1 9.4 kg and 105 \u00b1 5 days of lactation, distributed in a 4 \u00d7 4 Latin square design in triplicate. The diets were composed of increasing levels of PKC; 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg\u22121 of dry matter (DM). The DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes decreased (p &lt; 0.01) with the PKC inclusion. Milk production and milk protein decreased (p = 0.001), and milk production efficiency was not affected (p &gt; 0.05) by the PKC inclusion. The ether extract intake varied quadratically (p &lt; 0.01). Feeding and rumination efficiencies of dry matter and NDF were reduced (p &lt; 0.001). The fat and total solids contents of the milk were influenced quadratically (p &lt; 0.05). Nitrogen excretion (feces and milk), and retained nitrogen decreased (p &lt; 0.001). Moderate use of up to 80 g kg\u22121 DM of PKC in the diet of lactating goats is recommended since at these levels milk production or body weight are significantly affected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T20:52:03Z","timestamp":1662583923000},"page":"2323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Palm Kernel Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Intake, Digestibility, Feeding Behavior, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fernanda G.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7781-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laud\u00ed C.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rec\u00f4ncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry D. R.","family":"Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas dos S.","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela S. L.","family":"Tosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-1336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlindo S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorgival M.","family":"de Lima J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-\u00c1rido, Mossor\u00f3 59625300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2268-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana S.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Areia 58397000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"de Freitas J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna M. A.","family":"de C. Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404547, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4108-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gleidson G. P.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2017). 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