{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:35:29Z","timestamp":1774632929086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Principality of Asturias","award":["2021\u20132023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20132023"]}]},{"name":"Principality of Asturias","award":["IDI-2021-000102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDI-2021-000102"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["2021\u20132023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20132023"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["IDI-2021-000102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDI-2021-000102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malformations in the development of the neural tube have been described to be associated with different aetiologies, such as genetic factors, toxic plants, chemical products, viral agents, or hyperthermia. A twenty-four-year-old female Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos), permanently in captivity and kept under food and management control, gave birth to a stillborn cub at the end of gestation. Several malformations resulting from the anomalous development of the neural tube, not previously reported in bears, were observed, such as anencephaly, hypoplasia, micromyelia, severe myelodysplasia, syringomyelia, and spina bifida. Multiple canal defects (e.g., absence) were also observed in the spinal cord. In some regions, the intradural nerve roots surrounded the spinal cord in a diffuse and continuous way. The aetiology remains unidentified, although the advanced age of the mother and\/or folic acid deficit might have been the possible causes of this disorder. Supplements of folate given to the mother before and during early pregnancy may have reduced the incidence of neural tube defects. That supplementation should be considered when the reproduction of bears is to occur in captivity, in order to prevent the loss of future generations of this endangered species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T07:05:56Z","timestamp":1662620756000},"page":"2345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anencephaly and Severe Myelodysplasia in a Stillborn Brown Bear (Ursus arctos arctos)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Balseiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganader\u00eda de Monta\u00f1a (CSIC-Universidad de Le\u00f3n), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Polledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Tu\u00f1\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Oso Asturias, 33114 Proaza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganader\u00eda de Monta\u00f1a (CSIC-Universidad de Le\u00f3n), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Maxie, M.G. 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