{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:37:56Z","timestamp":1791895076678,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement for animals. However, sheep are particularly susceptible to Cu intoxication, a deadly disease reported worldwide. The risk of developing this poisoning is higher in vulnerable breeds and in intensively managed lambs or milk sheep. Two types of Cu intoxication can occur depending on the chronic or acute exposure to Cu. In chronic Cu poisoning (CCP), the most common form, Cu is accumulated in the liver during a subclinical period. A low intake of Cu antagonists (molybdenum, sulphur, iron, or zinc) favours Cu accumulation. The sudden release of Cu into the blood causes acute haemolysis with anaemia, haemoglobinuria, jaundice and death within 1\u20132 days. Acute Cu poisoning is related to the accidental administration or ingestion of toxic amounts of Cu. Acute oral exposure to Cu causes severe gastroenteritis, shock and death. Collapse and death occur shortly after parenteral administration. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical, gross pathological, histological and toxicological findings. Treatment of sheep with severe clinical signs often has poor success but is very effective during the Cu accumulation phase. Different therapies, based on either chelating agents or Cu antagonists, have been used to treat and prevent CCP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"2388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Copper Poisoning, a Deadly Hazard for Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Borobia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6209-4282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Villanueva-Saz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ruiz de Arcaute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4655-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo A.","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EXOPOL S.L., Pol. 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