{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:49:15Z","timestamp":1777510155087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Budgetary funding for basic scientific research","award":["122042700001-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700001-9"]}]},{"name":"Budgetary funding for basic scientific research","award":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Budgetary funding for basic scientific research","award":["20-64-47020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47020"]}]},{"name":"Russian Laboratory Animal Science Association","award":["122042700001-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700001-9"]}]},{"name":"Russian Laboratory Animal Science Association","award":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Russian Laboratory Animal Science Association","award":["20-64-47020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47020"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["122042700001-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122042700001-9"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NI2 03\/04\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Russian Science Foundation","award":["20-64-47020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Within barrier facilities, autoclaved diet and bedding are used for husbandry of laboratory rodents. Bacillus spp. are ubiquitous in nature and some of them are known as probiotics. Inactivation of the Bacillus spores and reduction of the diet nutritional value due to autoclavation could be especially critical for immunodeficient mice. We studied the effect of the autoclaved and non-autoclaved diets on the reproductive performance and the age of prolapse manifestation in Muc2\u2212\/\u2212 mice with impaired gut barrier function and, therefore, sensitive to change of microbiota. We found that the non-autoclaved diet led to enhancement of the fertility index of Muc2\u2212\/\u2212 and Muc2+\/\u2212 female mice. The non-autoclaved diet affected the prolapse of Muc2\u2212\/\u2212 mice that occurred later in comparison with females eating the autoclaved diet. We showed that Bacillus spp. was present in the non-autoclaved diet and feces of mice on the non-autoclaved diet. Bacterial strains of the non-autoclaved diet and feces belonged to B. amyloliquefaciens, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, Lysinibacillus macrolides, B. cereus, and other representatives of Bacillus spp. Moreover, autoclavation of the diet affected on the percent of the blood and spleen immune cells, the bacterial composition of the intestine, and increased the level of methionine in the thigh muscle of mice. Enhanced reproductive performance and delayed prolapse manifestation in Muc2\u2212\/\u2212 mice could be due to improved digestion, as Bacillus spp. from diet and feces had enzymatic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"2399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoclaved Diet with Inactivated Spores of Bacillus spp. Decreased Reproductive Performance of Muc2\u2212\/\u2212 and Muc2+\/\u2212 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maryana V.","family":"Morozova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, St. Timakova, 4, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galina V.","family":"Kalmykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Engineering Faculty, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda I.","family":"Akulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Engineering Faculty, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuriy V.","family":"Ites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, St. Central, 1, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina I.","family":"Korkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, St. Central, 1, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Litvinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, St. Timakova, 4, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Physical Engineering Faculty, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243918757034","article-title":"Science, Culture, and Care in Laboratory Animal Research: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the History and Future of the 3Rs","volume":"43","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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