{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:07:13Z","timestamp":1791594433234,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SLU via the Cells for Life Platform and VikingGenetics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interest in using semen from young bulls is increasing due to identifying promising animals by genomic selection. However, sperm quality in these ejaculates may not reach currently accepted standards for the cattle breeding industry. The purpose of this study was to determine if centrifugation of semen from young bulls through the Bovicoll colloid could improve sperm quality sufficiently for the frozen semen to be acceptable for artificial insemination. Ejaculates from 19 young bulls were split and either processed by Single-Layer Centrifugation (SLC) or not (CON) before freezing. After thawing, sperm quality was evaluated by determination of membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity, production of reactive oxygen species, sperm morphology and motility. Approximately half of the CON samples reached acceptable post-thaw quality (membrane integrity \u2265 40%) despite being below the breeding company\u00b4s desired sperm concentration threshold pre-freezing. In the remaining samples, sperm quality was improved by SLC such that 45% of them reached acceptable quality post-thaw. Almost 75% of the young bull sperm samples could have produced usable frozen semen doses by adjusting the breeding company\u00b4s current processing protocols. Since lowering the generation interval has a direct effect on the genetic gain per year, SLC could aid genetic progress in cattle breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T22:11:10Z","timestamp":1663279870000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sperm Quality in Young Bull Semen Can Be Improved by Single Layer Centrifugation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Lima-Verde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas All\u00e9 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Hurri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VikingGenetics, 532 94 Skara, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3588-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Ntallaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas All\u00e9 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Johannisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas All\u00e9 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"St\u00e5lhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VikingGenetics, 532 94 Skara, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane M.","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas All\u00e9 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/animalsci2002.80E-Suppl_21a","article-title":"The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables","volume":"80","author":"Foote","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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