{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:46:34Z","timestamp":1792788394648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014Though physiologic regurgitation of the right-sided cardiac valves is well recognized in dogs and other mammals, the prevalence of trace insufficiency of the mitral and aortic valves in clinically healthy, young adult dogs is unknown. Methods\u2014In this observational cross-sectional study, 50 clinically healthy, young adult Labrador retrievers without an audible heart murmur were enrolled. All dogs were bred and owned by a single organization. Cardiac screening was requested for all dogs that were intended for breeding. These dogs underwent a cardiac auscultation and transthoracic echocardiography by a veterinary cardiology specialist. If mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was noticed, the jet size was subjectively assessed on color Doppler echocardiography. Pedigree analysis was performed to reveal a possible hereditary background of mitral valve regurgitation. Results\u2014The prevalence of trivial mitral valve regurgitation was 52% with no significant predisposition to gender (p = 0.86) or haircoat color (p = 0.68). The prevalence of aortic valve regurgitation was 4%. Pedigree analysis for mitral valve regurgitation showed familial clustering, suggesting a hereditary background of the trait. Conclusions\u2014The prevalence of silent trace mitral valve regurgitation in young adult Labrador retrievers was high. Because the regurgitant jet was trivial in all dogs, it is probably physiologic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T03:48:04Z","timestamp":1663300084000},"page":"2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of Echocardiographic Evidence of Trace Mitral and Aortic Valve Regurgitation in 50 Clinically Healthy, Young Adult Labrador Retrievers without Heart Murmur"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maxime V. de","family":"Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A. J.","family":"Leegwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hille","family":"Fieten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Szatm\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80218-6","article-title":"Color flow Doppler mapping studies of \u201cphysiologic\u201d pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation: Evidence for true regurgitation as opposed to a valve closing volume","volume":"4","author":"Maciel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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