{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:52:56Z","timestamp":1791571976264,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in the blood and milk biochemical parameters found in naturally occurring and long-lasting spontaneous subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), with the aim of identifying the patterns of paraclinical changes and providing valuable data for more accurately identifying SARA in cows under field conditions. The study was conducted on a dairy herd with a history of the occurrence of SARA-associated clinical signs. Twelve cows, between 20 and 150 days in milk, were randomly selected and subsequently subjected to venous blood, milk, and ruminal fluid collection. The mean pH value of the ruminal fluid was 5.56 \u00b1 0.32, and 58% (7\/12) of the tested cows were SARA positive (ruminal pH \u2264 5.5). The albumin, calcium, and phosphorus serum concentration values were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in the SARA group than in the group of healthy cows. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity were significantly higher in the SARA cows (p &lt; 0.05) than in the group of healthy cows. The mean values of milk fat, milk protein content, and milk fat-to-protein ratio were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in the tested cows of the SARA group than in the healthy group of cows. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that long-term SARA triggered by a high-concentrate diet is associated with clinically significant changes in both the blood composition (hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and increased serum AST and GLDH activity) and the milk composition (decreased fat and protein percentage and milk fat-to-protein ratio). Altogether, the obtained results provide a more reliable pattern of paraclinical changes and useful insights for detecting SARA in dairy cows under field conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T22:12:43Z","timestamp":1663539163000},"page":"2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paraclinical Changes Occurring in Dairy Cows with Spontaneous Subacute Ruminal Acidosis under Field Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doru","family":"Morar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"V\u0103duva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4701-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Morar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Tulcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.021","article-title":"The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): A review","volume":"176","author":"Enemark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cattle","volume":"15","author":"Oetzel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Dairy Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.004","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Herds","volume":"33","author":"Oetzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-48","article-title":"Prevalence and consequences of subacute ruminal acidosis in German dairy herds","volume":"55","author":"Kleen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.016","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences","volume":"176","author":"Plaizier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"87","article-title":"Sub-acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) and its Consequence in Dairy Cattle: A Review of Past and Recent Research at Global Prospective","volume":"10","author":"Abdela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Achiev. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.004","article-title":"Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: A review","volume":"126","author":"Krause","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.018","article-title":"Effects of supplementation of active dried yeast and malate during sub-acute ruminal acidosis on rumen fermentation, microbial population, selected blood metabolites, and milk production in dairy cows","volume":"213","author":"Malekkhahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12850","article-title":"Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice","volume":"102","author":"Humer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75340-3","article-title":"Diagnostic methods for the detection of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows","volume":"82","author":"Garrett","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73142-2","article-title":"Comparison of Techniques for Measurement of Rumen pH in Lactating Dairy Cows","volume":"87","author":"Duffield","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy1030017","article-title":"The Milk Fat-to-Protein Ratio as Indicator for Ruminal pH Parameters in Dairy Cows: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"1","author":"Zschiesche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dairy"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5735","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9456","article-title":"Noninvasive indicators to identify lactating dairy cows with a greater risk of subacute rumen acidosis","volume":"98","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15022","article-title":"Short communication: Blood metabolites, body reserves, and feed efficiency of high-producing dairy cows that varied in ruminal pH when fed a high-concentrate diet","volume":"102","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3158","article-title":"Effect of induction of subacute ruminal acidosis on milk fat profile and rumen parameters","volume":"93","author":"Colman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6109","article-title":"Grain-based versus alfalfa-based subacute ruminal acidosis induction experiments: Similarities and differences between changes in milk fatty acids","volume":"96","author":"Colman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-015-0128-9","article-title":"Indicators of induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Danish Holstein cows","volume":"57","author":"Danscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7472","article-title":"Relationship of severity of subacute ruminal acidosis to rumen fermentation, chewing activities, sorting behavior, and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a high-grain diet","volume":"97","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00765.x","article-title":"Effects of induced subacute ruminal acidosis on milk fat content and milk fatty acid profile","volume":"92","author":"Enjalbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol1994no28p109-112","article-title":"Rumenocentesis: A technique for collecting rumen fluid for the diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis in dairy herds","volume":"28","author":"Nordlund","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bov. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"392371","article-title":"Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow","volume":"4","author":"Gianesella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Med Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00696.x","article-title":"Subacute rumen acidosis in lactating cows: An investigation in intensive Italian dairy herds","volume":"91","author":"Morgante","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)70058-2","article-title":"Investigation strategies for laminitis problem herds","volume":"87","author":"Nordlund","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Oetzel, G.R. (2007, January 17). Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: Physiology, pathophysiology, milk fat responses, and nutritional management. Preconference seminar 7a: Dairy herd problem investigation strategies: Lameness, cow comfort, and ruminal acidosis. Proceedings of the AABP 40th Annual Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"290","article-title":"Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk yield and milk fat content in crossbred dairy cows","volume":"5","author":"Bipin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PARIPEX-Indian J. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"92","article-title":"The effect of subacute ruminal acidosis of dairy cows on productivity, digestibility and greenhouse gas emission","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2020-0042","article-title":"Evaluation of relationship between ruminal pH and the proportion of de novo fatty acids in milk","volume":"2","author":"Fukumori","year":"2021","journal-title":"JDS Communications"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71569-2","article-title":"Ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and inflammatory response during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Gozho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.007","article-title":"Variability in susceptibility to acidosis among high producing mid-lactation dairy cows is associated with rumen pH, fermentation, feed intake, sorting activity, and milk fat percentage","volume":"228","author":"Nasrollahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, G., Wang, L., Ma, N., Zhang, W., Zhang, H., Dai, H., and Shen, X. (2018). Histamine activates inflammatory response and depresses casein synthesis in mammary gland of dairy cows during SARA. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1491-3"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75686-3","article-title":"Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Griinari","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2178","article-title":"Relationships between rumen lipopolysaccharide and mediators of inflammatory response with milk fat production and efficiency in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Zebeli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44217","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44217","article-title":"A High-Concentrate Diet Induced Milk Fat Decline via Glucagon-Mediated Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Dairy Cows","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9652","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7371","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract activates inflammatory gene expression and inhibits casein synthesis in the mammary glands of lactating dairy cows","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas2012-004","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001629","article-title":"Combinations of non-invasive indicators to detect dairy cows submitted to high-starch-diet challenge","volume":"14","author":"Villot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7761","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19890","article-title":"Models to predict the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows based on dietary and cow factors: A meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Khorrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Thrall, M., Weiser, G., Allison, R., and Campbell, T. (2012). Laboratory Evaluation of the Liver. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Second Edition, Ed, Wiley-Blackwell."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1451","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance","volume":"43","author":"Soeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parenter Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10727","article-title":"Ametaj, Invited review: Role of bacterial endotoxins in the etiopathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"Eckel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12896","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis affects fermentation and endotoxin concentration in the rumen and relative expression of the CD14\/TLR4\/MD2 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide systemic immune response in dairy cows","volume":"101","author":"Stefanska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1389","article-title":"A grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis challenge causes translocation of lipopolysaccharide and triggers inflammation","volume":"92","author":"Khafipour","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0256","article-title":"Feeding high proportions of barley grain stimulates an inflammatory response in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Emmanuel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2203","article-title":"Strong associations among rumen endotoxin and acute phase proteins with plasma minerals in lactating cows fed graded amounts of concentrate","volume":"88","author":"Zebeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72807-1","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis induces ruminal lipopolysaccharide endotoxin release and triggers an inflammatory response","volume":"88","author":"Gozho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2006.01.011","article-title":"Oxidation of Arg-410 promotes the elimination of human serum albumin","volume":"1764","author":"Iwao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-0995","article-title":"Effects of inflammatory conditions on liver activity in puerperium period and consequences for performance in dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Bertoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2019.100077","article-title":"Can rumination time and some blood biochemical parameters be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis and subclinical ketosis?","volume":"8","author":"Antanaitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3687","article-title":"Short communication: Reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production","volume":"94","author":"Cozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Thrall, M., Weiser, G., Allison, R., and Campbell, T. (2012). Parathyroid Glands and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolic Pathology. Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Second Edition, Wiley-Blackwell."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73948-4","article-title":"Effect of lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum macromineral and vitamin D concentrations in dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Waldron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"35","article-title":"Phosphorus metabolism in dairy cattle; a literature study on recent developments and missing links. Wageningen, Wageningen UR (University & Research Centre) Livestock Research","volume":"910","author":"Goselink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livestock Res. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4141\/A00-106","article-title":"Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ digestion of mixed hay in lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Plaizier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.004","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health consequences","volume":"172","author":"Plaizier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Senaratne, V.P. (2019). Improving phosphorus utilization by dairy cows. [M.Sc. Thesis, University of Manitoba]."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"237","article-title":"Macromineral physiology and application to the feeding of the dairy cow for prevention of milk fever and other periparturient mineral disorders","volume":"126","author":"Goff","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAFST"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12001","article-title":"Glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactating Holstein cows","volume":"100","author":"Kvidera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1641","article-title":"Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin","volume":"92","author":"Rhoads","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123942","article-title":"Epigenetic Mechanisms Contribute to the Expression of Immune Related Genes in the Livers of Dairy Cows Fed a High Concentrate Diet","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effects of niacin supplementation and different concentrate proportions on ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration, immunological response and health of dairy cows","volume":"1","author":"Rauls","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landbauforsch Appl. Agric. Forest. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.02.005","article-title":"Factors related to variation in the susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis in early lactating Simmental cows fed the same grain-rich diet","volume":"238","author":"Pourazad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/18\/2466\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:33:59Z","timestamp":1760142839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/18\/2466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12182466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12182466","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]}}}