{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:36:43Z","timestamp":1777592203240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kingdom of Belgium through the \u201cAcad\u00e9mie de Recherche et d\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur\u201d (ARES)","award":["PRD\/ARES\/PETITS RUMINANTS\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRD\/ARES\/PETITS RUMINANTS\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants continue to be used alone or in combination with veterinary drugs to treat animal ailments, especially in developing countries where livestock farmers often lack access to modern veterinary services and drugs. In addition, digestive parasitosis remain a major constraint for small ruminant livestock. The objective of this study was to screen the anthelmintic activity of the main plants used in the treatment of the digestive parasitosis of small ruminants in Benin. A total of 40 extracts were prepared using the successive maceration of 10 plants in four solvents of increasing polarity. The phytochemical screening of the plants was performed, and the anthelmintic activity of the extracts was evaluated on L3 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The cytotoxicity of the 40 extracts was determined on WI38 noncancerous fibroblast cells using the MTT assay, and the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannin content (CTC) were quantified in the most effective extracts using colorimetric methods. The results show that the plants contained tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids which may, in part, justify their anthelmintic activities. All plants gave active extracts at the highest concentration tested (1200 \u00b5g\/mL). Methanol (MeOH) extracts were, in general, more effective than the hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous (H2O) ones in inhibiting larval migration, with the MeOH extracts of Terminalia leiocarpa, Adansonia digitata, and Momordica charantia being the most effective. Nevertheless, the MeOH extract of M. charantia was highly cytotoxic at the concentration of 100 \u00b5g\/mL. The anthelmintic activity of M. charantia, Vitex doniana, and Caesalpinia bonduc was studied on H. contortus for the first time. These results provide scientific information that can be used for better valorization of the anthelmintic potential of the studied plants and to initiate the process of the identification of new anthelmintic molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1665436031000},"page":"2718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anthelmintic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Screening of Plants Used to Treat Digestive Parasitosis of Small Ruminants in Benin (West Africa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5745-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esa\u00efe","family":"Tchetan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Institut des Sciences Biom\u00e9dicales Appliqu\u00e9es (ISBA), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin"},{"name":"Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1173-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal Abiodoun","family":"Olounlad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Institut des Sciences Biom\u00e9dicales Appliqu\u00e9es (ISBA), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Zootechnie et Syst\u00e8me d\u2019Elevage (URZoSE), Laboratoire des Sciences Animale et Halieutique (LaSAH), Ecole de Gestion et d\u2019Exploitation des Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019Elevage (EGESE), Universit\u00e9 Nationale d\u2019Agriculture (UNA), Porto-Novo 01 BP 55, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick Virgile Bertrand","family":"Azando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Institut des Sciences Biom\u00e9dicales Appliqu\u00e9es (ISBA), Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019\u00c9cologie, de Sant\u00e9 et de Productions Animales, D\u00e9partement des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale et Halieutique, Facult\u00e9 d\u2019Agronomie, Universit\u00e9 de Parakou, Cotonou 01 BP 2115, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7674-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Abdul","family":"Khaliq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Houngbeme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9orcelin Gou\u00e9","family":"Alowanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"},{"name":"Laboratoire des Recherches Pluridisciplinaires de l\u2019Enseignement Technique, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de l\u2019Enseignement Technique, Universit\u00e9 Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ing\u00e9nierie et Math\u00e9matiques, Abomey BP 2282, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bossima Ivan","family":"Koura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole de Gestion et d\u2019Exploitation des Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019Elevage, Universit\u00e9 Nationale d\u2019Agriculture, K\u00e9tou BP 43, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00e9nol\u00e9 Coovi","family":"Akouedegni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel Romuald Benjamin","family":"Houinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie Mawule","family":"Hounzangbe-Adote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ethnopharmacologie et de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernand Ahokanou","family":"Gbaguidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2278-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Quetin-Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.026","article-title":"Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock","volume":"212","author":"Hoste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"L\u2019\u00e9levage face \u00e0 la pharmacop\u00e9e en m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire au Sud du B\u00e9nin","volume":"33","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Rech. Agron."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"131","article-title":"Nutrition and gastrointestinal parasitism in ruminant production","volume":"58","author":"Basabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. 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