{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:26:08Z","timestamp":1776205568210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club, Canine Health Foundation (CHF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious keratitis is a common and painful disease, usually caused by bacteria in dogs. Brachycephalic breeds are at increased risk. Despite medical therapy, enzymatic corneal melting can lead to ulcer perforation and globe loss. Treatment alternatives are needed due to an increase in antibiotic resistance and growing popularity of brachycephalic dogs. Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis-Corneal Cross-linking (PACK-CXL) reduces enzymatic collagenolysis and damages multiple targets within microorganisms, resulting in corneal tissue stabilization and elimination of bacteria, irrespective of their antibiotic resistance status. A randomized controlled trial providing evidence of PACK-CXL effectiveness in dogs is lacking. We aim to determine whether PACK-CXL is a viable alternative to conventional medical therapy for canine infectious keratitis. Two hundred-and-seventy client-owned dogs with presumed infectious keratitis will be allocated to two equally sized treatment groups (PACK-CXL or medical therapy) in a masked, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial in eleven clinics. The primary outcome measure is treatment success defined as complete epithelial closure within 28 days. The sample size is based on a group sequential design with two interim analyses, which will be overseen by a Data Safety and Monitoring Board. Ethical approvals have been obtained. The study protocol is preregistered at preclinicaltrials.eu. Publishing trial protocols improves study reproducibility and reduces publication bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12202862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T20:35:55Z","timestamp":1666298155000},"page":"2862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Medical Management versus PACK-CXL in Dogs with Infectious Keratitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4507-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malwina E.","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Hafezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ELZA Institute, CH-8953 Dietikon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon A.","family":"Pot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Section, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5757-5708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Hartnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: Guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120615-03","article-title":"Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Demarcation Line Depth Assessed by Visante OCT after CXL for Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia","volume":"28","author":"Yam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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